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Module 3 > Intro To Oncology > Flashcards

Intro To Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Primary prevention

A

A wellness decision

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2
Q

Secondary prevention

A

All about screening to catch cancer early
Mammogram
Pap smear
Colonoscopy

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3
Q

Tertiary prevention

A

Disease treatment and rehabilitation
Health restoration
Goal - prevent further deterioration

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4
Q

Tamoxifen

A

Chemo prevention drug, primarily for breast cancer
It binds estrogen progesterone
Throws you into menopause (hormone strealer)

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5
Q

7 warning signs of cancer

A

CAUTION
Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast or else where
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in a wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness

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6
Q

TNM system of staging

A

T = size of primary tumor
N= number of lymph nodes involved
M= extent of metastasis

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7
Q

Carcinoembryonic antigen CEA

A

Pancrease, GI

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8
Q

GX

A

Can not be assessed

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9
Q

G1

A

Low grade well differentiated, slow growing

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10
Q

G2

A

Moderate grade
Moderately differentiated, growing slightly faster

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11
Q

G3

A

High grade
Poorly differentiated, growing faster

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12
Q

G4

A

High grade
Undifferentiated, not distinct at all, very aggressive

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13
Q

Stage 1

A

Small cancer found only in organ where it originated

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14
Q

Stage 2

A

Larger cancer that may/ may not have spread to the lymph nodes

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15
Q

Stage 3

A

larger cancer also in the lymph nodes

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16
Q

Stage 4

A

cancer has spread from original site into other organs

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17
Q

TX

A

Tumor can not be measured

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18
Q

T0

A

No primary tumor or can’t be found

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19
Q

‘Tis

A

Tumors is in situ
(Same layer)

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20
Q

T1

A

Small or early stage

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21
Q

T2

A

Confined to original area

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22
Q

T3

A

Has spread to surrounding tissues

23
Q

T4

A

Large advanced stage cancer

24
Q

NX

A

Nearby nodes can’t be tested/evaluated

25
Q

N0

A

Lymph nodes are cancer free

26
Q

N1

A

Cancer cells have reached one node

27
Q

N2

A

Cancer spread to more than one node

28
Q

N3

A

Cancer in lymph nodes extensive/widespread

29
Q

Mx

A

Unknown if cancer has spread

30
Q

M0

A

No distant metastases were found

31
Q

M1

A

Cancer has spread to one or more distant parts of the body

32
Q

Tumor marks

A

Determine the effectiveness of treatment

33
Q

Why do patients get anemia during radiation therapy?

A

Bone marrow suppression

34
Q

Porto-oncogene

A

Good gene
Controls growth of cell
If it mutates it does not control the growth of our cells

35
Q

Oncogene

A

Bad gene
Mutated pronco-oncogene
Uncontrolled cell growth

36
Q

Common sites of metastases

A

Bone
Brain
Liver
Lung

37
Q

If primary is breast cancer where does it tend to metastasize

A

Lymph nodes FIRST , Then liver, lung and brain

38
Q

What is the most painful cancer?

A

Bone

39
Q

HPV can lead to

A

Cervical cancer

HPV shot for prevention

40
Q

Hepatitis b/c

A

Liver cancer

41
Q

Epstein Barr

A

Lymphoma

42
Q

Human herpes virus 8

A

Kaposis sarcoma

43
Q

HIV

A

Lymphoma kaposis sarcoma

44
Q

H pylor

A

Stomach ulcers, lymphoma in the stomach lining

45
Q

BRCA 1&2

A

If you have mutations it exposes you up to 70% more to getting ovarian and breast cancer

46
Q

What do viruses do?

A

Causes inflammation
Suppresses immune system (cancer likes both of these)

47
Q

During a Pap smear a doctor is looking for abnormal cells oof the cervix. What are these caused by?

A

Sex

48
Q

Pathologist is going to give you

A

Differentiation and your grade

49
Q

Oncologist will give you

A

Staging after a diagnosis has been given

50
Q

In situ

A

Still in the original layer

51
Q

Localized

A

Still in the original organ

52
Q

Regional

A

Spread to nearby lymph nodes or organs

53
Q

Distant

A

Spread to distant body parts

Module 3 (7 decks)

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