Intro To Oncology Flashcards
Primary prevention
A wellness decision
Secondary prevention
All about screening to catch cancer early
Mammogram
Pap smear
Colonoscopy
Tertiary prevention
Disease treatment and rehabilitation
Health restoration
Goal - prevent further deterioration
Tamoxifen
Chemo prevention drug, primarily for breast cancer
It binds estrogen progesterone
Throws you into menopause (hormone strealer)
7 warning signs of cancer
CAUTION
Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast or else where
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in a wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
TNM system of staging
T = size of primary tumor
N= number of lymph nodes involved
M= extent of metastasis
Carcinoembryonic antigen CEA
Pancrease, GI
GX
Can not be assessed
G1
Low grade well differentiated, slow growing
G2
Moderate grade
Moderately differentiated, growing slightly faster
G3
High grade
Poorly differentiated, growing faster
G4
High grade
Undifferentiated, not distinct at all, very aggressive
Stage 1
Small cancer found only in organ where it originated
Stage 2
Larger cancer that may/ may not have spread to the lymph nodes
Stage 3
larger cancer also in the lymph nodes
Stage 4
cancer has spread from original site into other organs
TX
Tumor can not be measured
T0
No primary tumor or can’t be found
‘Tis
Tumors is in situ
(Same layer)
T1
Small or early stage
T2
Confined to original area
T3
Has spread to surrounding tissues
T4
Large advanced stage cancer
NX
Nearby nodes can’t be tested/evaluated
