Travel/Vaccine Lecture (don't know how much of this we need to know) Flashcards
Which 2 immunizations might be required if you’re traveling?
yellow fever and cholera
what type of vaccine is yellow fever
attenuated live virus
can you get the yellow virus vaccine anywhere?
no - only at designated centers
how long does the yellow fever vaccine give you protection for?
10y
where are risk areas for the yellow fever?
equatorial africa, central america, south america
how effective is the cholera vaccine?
has limited usefulness
how often do you need boosters of the cholera vaccine
every 3 mos
if you’re traveling from the US, do you need the cholera vaccine?
no
what are the 2 (well, 3) types of cholera vaccines?
inactivated parenteral and “experimental” (inactivated oral or attenuated live oral)
what are the downsides of the inactivated parenteral vaccine?
only 50% protection, lasts a few months, uncomfortable side effects
how often do you need a tetanus vaccine booster?
every 5y
what is the tdap vaccine?
tetanus and diptheria
how often do you need a tdap booster?
every 10y
which travelers get an MMR vaccine?
those who haven’t had 2 doses or have had a + titer
what type of vaccine is the MMR?
live attenuated
what should you avoid with the MMR vaccine
gamma globulin (whatever that means)
Which countries might you need the inactivated polio vaccine for?
india, nigeria, pakistan, afghanistan and somalia
what are the 2 types of polio vaccines?
inactivated parenteral and attenuated live oral
who gets the inactivated parenteral polio vaccine?
> 18y who have never been immunized
who gets the attenuated live oral polio vaccine?
anyone who needs a booster
what risk increases with each dose you get of the polio vaccine?
paralysis
what is the dosing for the varicella vaccine?
1 dose before the trip, 1 dose upon returning
who gets the pneumovax vaccine?
> 65y with chronic medical conditions
Which travelers get the influenza vaccine?
all
during what months does the northern hemisphere get the influenza vaccine? southern?
northern is nov to mar. southern is april to sept
what are the 2 types of typhoid vaccines?
attenuated live oral or inactivated parenteral
how well do the typhoid vaccines work?
both work pretty well (60-70% effective)
where is typhoid endemic?
central america, south america, india, africa
how is typhoid transmitted?
food and water
where is japanese encephalitis endemic?
india, china, korea, japan, SE asia
how many shots do you need for the japanese encephalitis vaccine? is there a booster?
3 shots within 1 month. booster at 2 years
what are s/e of the japanese encephalitis vaccine?
fever, HA, vom, angioedema, utricaria
when should you administer an Hep A vaccine?
almost any traveler, especially peds
what is twinrix?
hep a/b vaccine
where is hep b endemic?
south america, africa, SE asia, south pacific
what are the s/e of the hep b shot?
injection soreness, HA
where is rabies endemic?
india, china, SE asia, the philippines, indonesia, latin america, africa, former USSR
is there a rabies booster shot for travelers?
no
where is meningitis endemic?
sub-saharian africa
who is the meningitis vaccine required for?
pilgrims to Mecca
is the meningitis vaccine routine for kids?
yes
who gets the smallpox vaccine?
military
what disease is called by the female anopheles mosquito?
malaria
what are the 3 characteristics of the anopheles mosquito?
silent, night-biting, female
where is there a highest risk of getting malaria?
africa and oceania
how does malaria get into the body and where does it go?
there are sporozoites in mosquito saliva.. travels to the liver and RBCs
which type of malaria bug is malignant?
plasmodia falciparum
which type of malaria bug has a liver phase?
plasmodia vivax + ovale
which type of malaria bug is chronic?
plasmodia malariae
what are the sx of malaria?
fever, chills, HA, myalgias, nausea, diarrhea, abd pain, fatigue, confusion
what is the timing of the fevers in malaria?
they are cyclic
what are the 5 drug options for malaria chemoprophylaxis?
chloroquine, mefloquine, doxycycline, malarone, primaquine
where are the high-risk areas for traveler’s diarrhea?
central and south america, south asia, africa
what most commonly causes traveler’s diarrhea?
E. Coli
what are the sx of traveler’s diarrhea?
abrupt loose stools, abd cramping, rectal emergency
what should you look for at foreign restaurants before eating there?
if there are windows and door screens, how they contain the trash, what the restrooms are like, if there are roaches and flies
what are the 6 symptomatic treatments for traveler’s diarrhea?
diet restrictions, pepto bismol, immodium, lomotil, lactobacillus, and rehydration
is there a prophylaxis for traveler’s diarrhea?
yeah but you shouldn’t really give it. can give 1 dose of an FQ or Rifaximin in case they get sx, but ONLY to be taken if they get sx
You should tell your pt to come in for post-travel care if they have what sx?
fever/chills/sweats, weight loss, persistent diarrhea
