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YEAR 3 INFECTION > Travel related infections > Flashcards

Travel related infections Flashcards

1
Q

Name water related infections

A

Schistosomiasis (bilharzia), leptospirosis (weil’s disease), liver flukes, hook worms

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2
Q

Name arthropod boure infections

A

Malaria, Dengue, Leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, Rickettsial infections (tick typhus)

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3
Q

Name emerging infectious diseases

A

Zika, ebola, SARS, avian

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4
Q

What is the main vector for malaria?

A

Female Anopheles mosquito

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5
Q

What is the potentially severe species of malaria?

A

Plasmodium falciparum (other species - plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale)

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6
Q

breifly explain how malaria is transmitted

A

female mosquito becomes infected by gametocytes, there is then. 7-20 day maturation cycle producing sporozoites, these reside in the mosquitos salivary glands, then infect thhe human when bitten and travel to the liver where they reproduce.

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7
Q

what are the clincial features of malaria?

A

Night sweats. Arthralgia, Muscle aches, vomiting, diarrhoea, jaundice abdominal pain, Fever, splenohepatomegaly, dysuria

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8
Q

complications of malaria

A

Cerebral malaria, severe Anaemia, acute tubular necrosis, DIC, ARDS, Splenic rupture, hypotensive shock, encephalopaty, pulmoary oedema, jaundice, blackwater fever

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9
Q

give 2 causes of anaemia relating to malaria…

A

infected RBC’s become haemolysed, dyserythropoiesis, depletion of folate, associated splenomegaly and sequestration.

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10
Q

how would I diagnose malaria?

A

thick/thin blood films (field’s stain), rapid antigen tests (OptiMal), quantitative buffy coat (QBC)

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11
Q

when is malaria classified as severe?

A

seizures, hypoglycaemia, Hb<8, parasite count>2%, spontaneous bleeding, pulmonary oedema

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12
Q

Malaria Tx overall using…

A

Riamet, quinine, chloroquinine, proguanil, mefloquine, fansidar, doxycycline.

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13
Q

What are the treatment options for uncomplicated P.falciparum

A

Riamet, Euratesim, Malarone (Quinine for 7 days)

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14
Q

What are the treatment options for complicated P.falciparum

A

Quinine IV infusion - plus doxycycline or clindcmycin

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15
Q

Other malaria control programmes/ advice for travellers

A

drain stagnant water, DDT, nets, mesh windows, cover up at night, long sleeves and trousers, prophylactic medication.

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16
Q

What is the name of the organism that cuases Thyphoid Fever?

A

Salmonella thyphi

17
Q

What are the clincial features of Typhoid?

A

Fever, abdominal discomfort, constipation, rose spots, diarrhoea

18
Q

complications of Typhoid fever?

A

intestinal bleeding, metastatic infections

19
Q

how is typhoid fever diagnosed?

A

Culture blood, urine, stool and bone marrow

20
Q

Tx for typhoid fever is

A

Ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, IV ceftriaxone

21
Q

Aedes aedypti is responsible for the transmission of what infection?

A

Dengue Fever (also zika)

22
Q

Classical presentation of dengue fever

A

severe headache, orbotal pain, macular and petichial rash, purpura

23
Q

how is dengue fever diagnosed?

A

thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, positive tourniquet test, PCR and serology

24
Q

Mx of Dengue fever?

A

conservative tx, however there are comlicaitions I,e, dengue haemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome

25
Q

What causes Schistosomiasis?

A

contaminated water

26
Q

clincial features of schistosomiasis and stages

A

swimmers itch, invasive stage of abdo discomfort and splenomegaly and cough, Katayama fever consisting of diarrhoea, lymphadenopathy. Then acute diseas which includes eggs deposited in the bowel or bladder causing haematuria and dysentry

27
Q

tx of schistomiasis

A

Praziquantel

28
Q

sx and tx of tick typhus (Rickettsiosis - r.conorii, r.africae)

A

rash, swinging fever, headache, endovasculitis, bleeding/ tetracycline, doxycycline

29
Q

outline Zika virus

A

flavivirus, Aedes mosquito, headache, rash, fever, malaise, conjunctivitis, joint pains, can cause Guillian-Barre syndrome, no antiviral therapy, mosquito control measures,

30
Q

tropical disease with Patient presenting with a rash

A

Typhoid, typhus, dengue

31
Q

tropical disease with Patient presenting with jaundice

A

Hepatitis, malaria, yellow fever

32
Q

tropical disease with Patient presenting with enlarged lymph nodes

A

leishmania, trypanosomiasis

33
Q

tropical disease with Patient presenting with enlarged liver

A

malaria, typhoid, amoebic disease

34
Q

tropical disease with Patient presenting with enlarged spleen

A

visceral leishmaniasis, typhoid, malaria

YEAR 3 INFECTION (14 decks)

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