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Infection > Travel Related Infection > Flashcards

Travel Related Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What specific details are important when taking a patient’s travel history?

A

The calendar time The relative time The current and RECENT places of travel

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2
Q

Why is travel history important?

A

Recognise important diseases Prevent infection Different strains of pathogens

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3
Q

Give 4 key aspects of taking a travel history

A

Unwell travel companions/contactsPre-travel vaccinations/preventative measuresRecreational activitiesHealthcare exposure (hospital admittance)

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4
Q

Which disease must be top of the differential list for someone with potential tropical disease?

A

Malaria

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5
Q

What are the 4 main species of Malaria Plasmodium?

A

Falciparum Vivas Avale Malariae

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6
Q

How is malaria spread?

A

Using mosquitoes as a vector

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7
Q

What are some of the symptoms of malaria?

A

Headache, fever, fatigue, pain, chills, sweating, splenomegaly, vomiting

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8
Q

What is the minimum incubation period for malaria?

A

6 days

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9
Q

What is the incubation period of the malaria causing parasite “Plasmodium falciparum”?

A

Up to 6/12 weeks

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10
Q

What is the incubation period of the malaria causing parasites P.vivax and P.ovale?

A

Up to 1 year

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11
Q

What stage of the malaria life cycle are we most likely to see in clinic?

A

Blood stage “erythrocytic”

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12
Q

What investigations and treatments are required for someone with malaria?

A

Blood smear x3 FBC, U&Es, LFT, glucose, coagulation Head CT/CXR/AXRTreatment depends on the species

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13
Q

What are the “ABCs” of malaria prevention?

A

Assess risk Bite prevention Chemoprophylaxis

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14
Q

What are some differential diagnoses for the symptoms shown by malaria?

A

Typhoid Dengue Rickettsial infection Non-travel related infection

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15
Q

What is typhoid/paratyphoid otherwise known as?

A

Enteric fever

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of infection of typhoid and parathyroid?

A

Faecal-oral from contaminated food/water

17
Q

What bacteria is responsible for enteric fever?

A

Salmonella Paratyphoid A,B or C

18
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of enteric fever?

A

Bacteraemia (sepsis,septic shock)Fever, headache, abdominal discomfort, constipation, dry cough Relative bradycardia Intestinal haemorrhage & perforation

19
Q

What investigations might you carry out on someone who is suspected to have enteric fever?

A

Anaemia (moderate in cases) Lymphocyte count (lymphopenia) LFT (raised) Culture- blood,faeces Serology (not reliable)

20
Q

How would you describe a “macular papular rash”?

A

Flat slightly raised rash

Infection (12 decks)

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