Traume Flashcards

1
Q

Tipuri de contuzii

A

Echimoze
Hematoame
Seroame(traume tang, forfecare)
Edemul dur(masaj contraind)

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2
Q

Tipuri de plagi

A

Taiate
Intepate/Impunse
Contuze
Arme albe
Arme de foc
Escara de decubit

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3
Q

Fiziopatologia vindecarii plagii

A
  1. Faza inflamatorie
    Hemostaza, coagulare, vasoconstrictie, cheag temporar
    Apoi: eliberare de tromboplastina, txA2, factori de coag=> hemostaza definitiva (fibrina)
    Ulterior: vasodilatatie => edem, fagocitoza
  2. Faza migratorie
    Migrarea Macrofagelor curata si elibereaza factori de crestere si angiogeneza
    Migrarea Fibroblastilor
    Migrarea epiteliului marginal
  3. Faza proliferativa >7z
    Fibrina, apoi producere d ecolagen d ecatre fibroblasti
    Miofibroblasti cu contractia plagii
  4. Remodelarea plagii
    3 saptamani - cicatrice formata
    6 s res 9 %
    Remodelarea dureaza luni ani
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4
Q

Traumatisme musculare

A
  1. Contuzia
    -stupoare
    -echimoza
    -hematomul
    -zdrobirea musculara
  2. Plaga musculara
  3. Ruptura musculara
    (Climat rece si umed, febra tifoida, tetanos, contractie, oboseala-metaboliti)
  4. Hernia musculara
    (Cvadruceps, tibial ant, biceps, adductori)
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5
Q

Traumatisme tendon

A
  1. Sectiunea
    incompleta/completa
  2. Ruptura
    Fara plaga
  3. Luxatia
  4. Entezita
    Boala insertiilor musculare unde se afla receptorii reflexului de contractie
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6
Q

Traumatisme arteriale

A
  1. Contuzia
    -endarterei
    -parietala
    -adventiceala
  2. Plaga
    Oblice, punctiforme, liniare, stelate, transversale
    +Sectiunea arterei
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7
Q

Traumatisme venoase

A

1.Contuzia
2.Plaga
3.Sectiunea

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8
Q

Traumatisme Nervi

A
  1. Neuropraxia
    Tulburare fct scurta durata, afectare motorie frecventa
    Plagi, compresiuni, ischemie

2.Axonotmezis

3.Neurotmezis

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9
Q

Semnul Tinel

A

Senzatia de furnicaturi la percutia zonei afectate

Liza nerv (axonotmezis)

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10
Q

Neuropatii sechelare

A

Hiperestezia dureroasa
Bontul dureros
Membru fantoma
Cauzalgia (lezare partiala trunchiuri principale)

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11
Q

Politrauma definitie

A

Mai multe zone anat af
Cel putin o leziune amenintatoare de viata
ISS >16
SIRS minim 24 h

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12
Q

Modele lezionale politrauma

A

Impact frontal - sofer
- lovire de volan, parbriz, oglinda
- lovire de volan
- lovire de bord
- prin deceleratie

Impact lateral - sofer
(Scalp, fata, coloana cerv, coaste, pulm, splina, ficat, rinichi, pelvis

Impact frontal - pasager
(Craniene, faciale, pelvine clavicula) ×2 pasager in spate fara centura

Impact lateral pasager fata
(Scalp, fata, gat, torace, rinichi, ficat)

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13
Q

Mecanisme politrauma pieton

A

Mecanisme simple:
Impact direct
Proiectare
Calcare ( pe toata supraf)
Comprimare(pe toata supraf)

Mecanisme asociate
Lovire-cadere (2 focare)
Lovire-proiectare (tcc)
Lovire-basculare-proiectare (3 focare)
Lovire-cadere-calcare(lez multiple)

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14
Q

Scoruri de severitate

A

GSC (glasgow coma scale)
-pt TCC

Trauma score

RTS (scor traumatic revizuit)

AIS (scala lezionala abreviata)
7 regiuni evaluate de la 1-6

ISS (scorul de sev lezional)
1-75: se insumeaza patratele a 3 cele mai mari val din 3 reg dif

Charlson, TRUSSCOM
(comorbiditati)

Triss, Ascot
Mixte

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15
Q

Etapele ingrijirii politraumei

A
  1. Faza prespital:
    INGRIJIREA PRIMARA:
    - A B C D E

INGRIJIREA SECUNDARA:
=> stabileste linia terapeutica de baza
- verif semne vitale
- examen fizic complet
- scurt examen neuro
- obtinere istoric accident

  1. Faza spitaliceasca

INGRIJIREA PRIMARA:
-mentinerea perm cailor aeriene concomitent cu controlul coloanei cervicale
-mentinerea volemiei, pompei cardiace si contr hemoragii
-evaluare neurol. si diagn leziuni care nec int imediata, examinare pupile, raspunsul cushing cu transport rapid operatie

INGRIJIRE SECUNDARA
- examinare completa PARACLINIC si clinic
- la final exam de specialitate

INGRIJIREA TERTIARA
reevaluare + tratament definitiv

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16
Q

Indicatii IOT

A

Absolute:
- obstructie acuta
- apnee
- hipoxie
- plagi pen cu hematoame
- TCC cu GSC <11
- soc
- volet, rip diafr
- hem retroperitoneala masiva
- pac agitati

Relative:
- traume macilo faciale
- contuzie pulm
- contuzie miocardica

17
Q

Raspunsul Cushing

A

Bradicardie
HTA
Red frecv resp
Convulsii
Hipertermie

18
Q

Strategia controlului lezional:

A
  1. Interventie chir de scurta durata( hemoragie, fixare provizorie pelvis instabil)
  2. Continuare resuscitare ATI
  3. Se reintervine chir dupa reechilibrare
19
Q

Traumatisme toracice rapid letale

A

Obstructia cailor aeriene
Pneumotorace sufocant
Pneumotorace deschis
Hemotorace masiv
Volet costaal
Tamponada cardiaca

20
Q

Traumatisme toracice potential letale

A

Ruptura de aorta
Ruptura traheobronsica
Reuptura esofagiana
Contuzia pulmonara
Contuzia miocardica
Herbia diafragmatica

21
Q

Traymatisme toracice neletale

A

Pneumotorace simplu
Hemotorace redus
Luxatie sternoclaviculara
Fractura sternala
Fractura de clavicula
Asfixia traumatica
Fractura costala simpla

22
Q

Obstructia cailor aeriene diagnostic

A

Frecventa<12
Cianoza
Hematom cervical
Absenta murmur vezicular
Tiraj
Cornaj
Agitatie
Obnubilare