Traumatic Brain Injury

Question 1

what are the primary types of brain injury?

Answer 1

cerebral contusion, laceration, hemorrage, diffuse axonal injury

Question 2

what is DAI best correlated with?

Answer 2

coma

Question 3

what is the most common cause of death due to secondary brain injury?

Answer 3

intracranial HTN

Question 4

normal ICP

Answer 4

<10mmHg

Question 5

Moderately elevated ICP

Answer 5

> 20mmHG

Question 6

severely elevated ICP

Answer 6

> 40mmHg

Question 7

s/s of increased ICP

Answer 7

drowsiness, headache, paralysis, pupillary changes

Question 8

causes of increased ICP

Answer 8

swelling, bleeds, increased CSF/ventricular blockage

Question 9

what is the most accurate method of measuring ICP?

Answer 9

intraventricular catheter

Question 10

what is hydrocephalus?

Answer 10

increased production of CSF

decreases reabsorption of CSF

Question 11

what is the treatment of hydroceph?

Answer 11

VP shunt

Question 12

longer duration of LOC…

Answer 12

more severe injury

Question 13

what is a ‘severe’ rating on the GCS scale?

Answer 13

3-8

Question 14

what is a moderate rating on the GCS scale?

Answer 14

9-12

Question 15

what is a mild rating on the GCS scale?

Answer 15

13-15

Question 16

what does the rancho los amigos scale measure?

Answer 16

behavior and cognitive functioning

Question 17

Rancho Scale: Level 1

Answer 17

No response: Total Assist

Question 18

Rancho Scale: Level 2

Answer 18

Generalized response: total assist

Question 19

Rancho Scale: Level 3

Answer 19

Localized response: total assist

Question 20

Rancho Scale: Level 4

Answer 20

Confused/Agitated: max assist

Question 21

Rancho scale: Level 5

Answer 21

confused, inappropriate, nonagitated: max assist

Question 22

what is one positive thing about level 5?

Answer 22

follow commands

Question 23

Rancho scale: level 6

Answer 23

confused, appropriate: mod assist

Question 24

when do you give goal oriented responses?

Answer 24

level 6

Question 25

Rancho scale: level 7

Answer 25

automatic, appropriate: minimal assist for daily living skills

Question 26

what remains impaired in level 7?

Answer 26

judgement

Question 27

rancho scale: level 8

Answer 27

purposeful, appropriate: stand by assist

Question 28

what ability is still decreased in level 8?

Answer 28

abstract reasoning abilities

Question 29

headache, fatigue, dizziness, and irritability are the most common sequelae of what?

Answer 29

mild TBI

Question 30

what is the term used to describe symptoms experienced after mild TBI?

Answer 30

postconcussion syndrome

Question 31

when does most rapid improvement in functioning occur after severe TBI?

Answer 31

6 months

Question 32

although there are little changes seen post severe TBI, what positive changes do occur?

Answer 32

functional changes

Question 33

what type of TBIs are concussions considered?

Answer 33

mild

Question 34

which is the most common graded concussion?

Answer 34

grade 1

Question 35

describe athletes contest condition for grade 1.

Answer 35

only go back if no s/ after 15 minutes. a second concussion causes you to sit out the game and up to one week rest

Question 36

which grade related to poor concentration or post-traumatic amnesia?

Answer 36

concussion grade 2

Question 37

describe athletes contest condition for grade 2.

Answer 37

go back post neuro exam 1 week. after 2nd grade 2, go back after 2 weeks. any abnormality in CT -- terminate player for season.

Question 38

after a brief grade 3 concussion, athlete should withhold play for how long?

Answer 38

1 week

Question 39

after a prolonged grade 3 concussion, athlete should withhold play for how long?

Answer 39

2 weeks

Question 40

after a second grade 3 concussion, athlete should withhold play for how long?

Answer 40

1 month

Question 41

when is a neuro eval not required?

Answer 41

grade 1