Traumatic Brain Injury

Question 1

Structural or physiological disruption of the brain resulting from a head injury

Answer 1

TBI

Question 2

trauma to the head that may or may not be associated with soft tissue injury, skull fracture, and TBI

Answer 2

head injury

Question 3

(most common): head injury with intact dura mater

Answer 3

closed head injury

Question 4

head injury with a breach in the dura mater exposing the cranial contents to the environment, associated with skull fracture

Answer 4

open head injury

Question 5

injury caused by blunt force trauma to the head

Answer 5

blunt head injury

Question 6

injury caused by penetrative trauma to the head

Answer 6

penetrating head injury

Question 7

most common causes of TBI

Answer 7

1. falls
2. motor vehicle accidents
3. contact sports

Question 8

injury caused by the high pressure wave generated from an explosion; common in active military or war zones

Answer 8

blast injury

Question 9

with respect to age, () have the highest risk for TBI

Answer 9

ppl < 19 yo
ppl > 65 yo

Question 10

defines the severity of a TBI within 48 hours of injury.

Answer 10

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

Question 11

GCS ratings:

1. Severe TBI = ()
2. Moderate TBI = ()
3. Mild TBI = ()

Answer 11

1. 3-8
2. 9-12
3. 13-15

Question 12

3 main sections in GCS

Answer 12

1. eye opening
2. motor response
3. verbal response

Question 13

The severity of deficit in cognitive functioning can be defined by the ()

Answer 13

Ranchos Los Amigos Scale

Question 14

pathophysiology of TBI

Brain injury that occurs at the time of the trauma as an immediate consequence of head injury

Answer 14

primary brain injury

Question 15

primary brain injury characterized by widespread damage across large aread (e.g. widespread axonal injury due to accel-decel injury)

Answer 15

diffuse primary brain injury

Question 16

primary brain injury where damage is relatively localized over small regions

Answer 16

focal primarry brain injury

Question 17

indirect brain injury resulting from physiological changes following acute CNS insults and/or their treatment

Answer 17

secondary brain injury

Question 18

examples of secodnary brain injury

Answer 18

1. disrupted BBB
2. hypoxic-ischemic encephalophathy

Question 19

• a person’s experience of emotional distress resulting from
• an event that overwhelms the capacity to emotionally digest it.

Answer 19

Emotional / Psychological trauma

Question 20

PTSD is a mental disorder, but the associated stress can
cause

Answer 20

physical damage

Question 21

TBI is a () caused by trauma to the brain. It can cause a wide range of impairments and changes in physical abilities, thinking and learning, vision, hearing, smell, taste, social skills, behaviors, and communication.

Answer 21

neurological disorder

Question 22

compared to TBI, diseases like AD, PD, ALS, FTD can be considered as ()

Answer 22

secondary ND

Question 23

research models for TBI

a rapid fluid pulse injection is used to cause injury directly onto the surface of the dura

Answer 23

fluid percussion injury model

Question 24

research models for TBI

Uses an electromagnetic device to permeate the brain at a known distance and velocity.

Answer 24

controlled cortical impact model

Question 25

research models for TBI

Releases a free weight directly onto the brain.

Answer 25

weight-drop model

Question 26

research models for TBI

injury caused by primary injury of blast.

Answer 26

blast injury model