Traumatic Brain Injury Flashcards
Structural or physiological disruption of the brain resulting from a head injury
TBI
trauma to the head that may or may not be associated with soft tissue injury, skull fracture, and TBI
head injury
(most common): head injury with intact dura mater
closed head injury
head injury with a breach in the dura mater exposing the cranial contents to the environment, associated with skull fracture
open head injury
injury caused by blunt force trauma to the head
blunt head injury
injury caused by penetrative trauma to the head
penetrating head injury
most common causes of TBI
- falls
- motor vehicle accidents
- contact sports
injury caused by the high pressure wave generated from an explosion; common in active military or war zones
blast injury
with respect to age, () have the highest risk for TBI
ppl < 19 yo
ppl > 65 yo
defines the severity of a TBI within 48 hours of injury.
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
GCS ratings:
- Severe TBI = ()
- Moderate TBI = ()
- Mild TBI = ()
- 3-8
- 9-12
- 13-15
3 main sections in GCS
- eye opening
- motor response
- verbal response
The severity of deficit in cognitive functioning can be defined by the ()
Ranchos Los Amigos Scale
pathophysiology of TBI
Brain injury that occurs at the time of the trauma as an immediate consequence of head injury
primary brain injury
primary brain injury characterized by widespread damage across large aread (e.g. widespread axonal injury due to accel-decel injury)
diffuse primary brain injury