Traumatic Brain Injury Flashcards

1
Q

Structural or physiological disruption of the brain resulting from a head injury

A

TBI

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2
Q

trauma to the head that may or may not be associated with soft tissue injury, skull fracture, and TBI

A

head injury

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3
Q

(most common): head injury with intact dura mater

A

closed head injury

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4
Q

head injury with a breach in the dura mater exposing the cranial contents to the environment, associated with skull fracture

A

open head injury

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5
Q

injury caused by blunt force trauma to the head

A

blunt head injury

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6
Q

injury caused by penetrative trauma to the head

A

penetrating head injury

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7
Q

most common causes of TBI

A
  1. falls
  2. motor vehicle accidents
  3. contact sports
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8
Q

injury caused by the high pressure wave generated from an explosion; common in active military or war zones

A

blast injury

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9
Q

with respect to age, () have the highest risk for TBI

A

ppl < 19 yo
ppl > 65 yo

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10
Q

defines the severity of a TBI within 48 hours of injury.

A

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

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11
Q

GCS ratings:

  1. Severe TBI = ()
  2. Moderate TBI = ()
  3. Mild TBI = ()
A
  1. 3-8
  2. 9-12
  3. 13-15
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12
Q

3 main sections in GCS

A
  1. eye opening
  2. motor response
  3. verbal response
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13
Q

The severity of deficit in cognitive functioning can be defined by the ()

A

Ranchos Los Amigos Scale

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14
Q

pathophysiology of TBI

Brain injury that occurs at the time of the trauma as an immediate consequence of head injury

A

primary brain injury

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15
Q

primary brain injury characterized by widespread damage across large aread (e.g. widespread axonal injury due to accel-decel injury)

A

diffuse primary brain injury

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16
Q

primary brain injury where damage is relatively localized over small regions

A

focal primarry brain injury

17
Q

indirect brain injury resulting from physiological changes following acute CNS insults and/or their treatment

A

secondary brain injury

18
Q

examples of secodnary brain injury

A
  1. disrupted BBB
  2. hypoxic-ischemic encephalophathy
19
Q
  • a person’s experience of emotional distress resulting from
  • an event that overwhelms the capacity to emotionally digest it.
A

Emotional / Psychological trauma

20
Q

PTSD is a mental disorder, but the associated stress can
cause

A

physical damage

21
Q

TBI is a () caused by trauma to the brain. It can cause a wide range of impairments and changes in physical abilities, thinking and learning, vision, hearing, smell, taste, social skills, behaviors, and communication.

A

neurological disorder

22
Q

compared to TBI, diseases like AD, PD, ALS, FTD can be considered as ()

A

secondary ND

23
Q

research models for TBI

a rapid fluid pulse injection is used to cause injury directly onto the surface of the dura

A

fluid percussion injury model

24
Q

research models for TBI

Uses an electromagnetic device to permeate the brain at a known distance and velocity.

A

controlled cortical impact model

25
Q

research models for TBI

Releases a free weight directly onto the brain.

A

weight-drop model

26
Q

research models for TBI

injury caused by primary injury of blast.

A

blast injury model