Traumatic Brain Injury

Question 1

Insult to the brain, not degenerative or congenital, that is caused by an external physical force.

Answer 1

Traumatic Brain Injury

Question 2

Differentiate Concussion vs Contusion

Answer 2

Concussion - shaking of brain
Contusion - piercing of brain c object/s

Question 3

Epidemiology of TBI

Answer 3

MC direct cause: MVA
MC indirect cause: Intoxication
MC among: Men
Age: 18-25 years old

Question 4

A direct blow to the brain
- collision c external object/fall
- penetrating injury
- collision c inner tables of skull

Answer 4

Focal brain injury

Question 5

Explain coup and countercoup

Answer 5

A coup injury occurs when the contusions on the brain are DIRECTLY BELOW the point of trauma.

A contrecoup injury is when the contusions on the brain are OPPOSITE the point of trauma

Question 6

Epidural or Subdural Hematoma

occurs between your skull and the outermost layer of meninges (dura mater)

Answer 6

Epidural Hematoma (EDH)

Question 7

Epidural or Subdural Hematoma

occurs in the space between the dura mater and the second meninges layer, the arachnoid layer.

Answer 7

Subdural Hematoma (SDH)

Question 8

type of brain injury where
- Multiple sites were affected
- Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH)
- Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
- Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI)

Answer 8

Multifocal brain injury

Question 9

Enumerate 7 clinical manifestation of TBI

Answer 9

Physical status
Dysphagia and self-feeding
Cognitive status
Visual status
Perceptual skills
Psychosocial factors
Behavioral factors

Question 10

Identify the ffg of MILD TBI
- Glasgow coma scale score__
- Time of loss of consciousness__
- Post traumatic amnesia__

Answer 10

GCS: 13-15
LOC: <20 mins
PTA: < 1 hr

Question 11

Identify the ffg of MODERATE TBI
- Glasgow coma scale score__
- Time of loss of consciousness__
- Post traumatic amnesia__

Answer 11

GCS: 9-12
LOC: < 6 hrs
PTA: < 24 hrs

Question 12

Identify the ffg of SEVERE TBI
- Glasgow coma scale score__
- Time of loss of consciousness__
- Post traumatic amnesia__

Answer 12

GCS: 3-8
LOC: > 6 hrs
PTA: > 24 hrs

Question 13

Management for LOW LEVEL PATIENTS

Answer 13

1. SENSORY STIMULATION PROGRAM
   - tactile
   - auditory
   - olfactory
   - gustatory
   - vestibular (c/i tracheostomy, seizure, elevated ICP)
2. POSITIONING
   - wt bearing positions

Question 14

Management for HIGH LEVEL PATIENTS

Answer 14

Varies but mostly independent training or activities