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Rehab 103 > Traumatic Brain Injury > Flashcards

Traumatic Brain Injury Flashcards

1
Q

Alteration of brain function caused by exterior force

A

TBI

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2
Q

What gender is dominant in obtaining TBI?

A

Male> Female

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3
Q

What are the following accidents that causes TBI?

A
  • Falls
  • MVA
  • Assaults
  • Sports
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4
Q

What is the common accident in TBI?

A

Falls

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5
Q

An injury that happens when a moving force hits the head

A

Acceleration Injury

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6
Q

An injury that happens when moving head meets stationary object

A

Deceleration Injury

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7
Q

An injury that happens when the injury of the brain is on the site of impact

A

Coup Injury

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8
Q

An injury that happens when an injury of the brain is on the opposite site of the impact

A

Counter-coup Injury

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9
Q

Shearing of subcortical axons within the myelin sheath

A

Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI)

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10
Q

(+) mechanical strain that leads to Wallerian Degeneration

A

DAI

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11
Q

A nerve lesion that has a retrograde degeneration of distal end of axon

A

Wallerian Degeneration

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12
Q

Usually caused by high velocity acceleration/deceleration forces

A

DAI

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13
Q

What is the other name for Cerebral COntusions

A

Cotrical Bruises

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14
Q

it results from a low velocity impacts

A

Cerebral Contusions

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15
Q

What type of injury are commonly associated with Cerebral Contusions?

A

Coup and Counter-coup Injury

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16
Q

What are the site affected when the pt. had Cerebral Contusions?

A

(FITA)
inferior frontal
anterior temporal

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17
Q

A secondary brain injury that happen due to decreased oxygen and blood supply to the brain, tissue undergoes death and infraction

A

Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury

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18
Q

What are the causes of Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury?

A

(SAD)

  • Systemic Hypotension
  • Anoxia
  • Damage to vascular territories
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19
Q

If the ICP level of the pt. increases, what will happen?

A
  • Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
  • brain Herniations
  • Papilledema
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20
Q

Also known as bulging of the eyes

A

Papilledema

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21
Q

What are the Hakim’s Triad?

A

(Brady-Brady-Hyper)

  • Bradycardia
  • Bradypnea
  • Hypertension
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22
Q

A secondary brain injury that one of its signs is (+) Cushing Sign

A

Increased Intracranial Pressure

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23
Q

What structure is affected during Uncal Herniation?

A

Uncus of the temporal lobe, white matter

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24
Q

What are the affected structures in Uncal herniation?

A

(CROP)

  • C- Cerebral Penducle
  • R- Reticular Activating System
  • O- Optic Nerve
  • P- PCA
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25
Q

Herniation that affects the Diencephalon / part of temporal lobe

A

Central Herniation

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26
Q

What are the affected structures in Central Herniation?

A

(PMR)

  • PM- Pons and Midbrain
  • R- RAS
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27
Q

Herniation that is (+) for decerebrate posture

A

Central Herniation

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28
Q

Adult form of hydrocephalus

A

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

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29
Q

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus is a _________ type of reabsorption of CSF in the arachnoid villi

A

Communicating

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30
Q

What are the TRIAD of NPH?

A

(DIG)

  • D- Dementia
  • I- Incontinence
  • G- Gait Ataxia
31
Q

What is the management for NPH?

A

Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) Shunt

32
Q

What are the normal manifestations of TBI?

A

(PAMP)

  • P- Paresis
  • A- Abnormal Tone
  • M- Motor Function
  • P- Postural Control
33
Q

What are the different cognitive impairments of TBI?

A
  • Consciousness
  • Attention
  • Concentration
  • Executive Function
  • Memory
  • Learning
34
Q

(-) sleep-wake cycle

Ventilator Dependent

A

Comatose

35
Q

(+) sleep-wake cycle
(-) ventilatory support
(-) environmental awareness

A

Vegetative State

36
Q

Describe the characteristics of pt. in minimally conscious-state

A

Minimal evidence of environmental awareness

37
Q

Describe the characteristics of pt who is in stupor condition.

A

Pt can be aroused only briefly with vigorous, repeatedly sensory stimulation

38
Q

Describe the characteristic of pt that is obtunded

A
  • Pt sleeps often

* when aroused, shows decreased alertness & interest in the environment

39
Q

Enumerate the different impairments of pt. with TBI

A 
(AIMADE)
A- Agitation/Aggression
I- Irritability
M- Mental Inflexibility
A- Apathy
D- Disinhibition/impulsivity
E- Emotional Lability
40
Q

Enumerate the different s/sx of dysautomania

A 
(IHDHDT)
* increased BP, PR, RR (v/s)
* Hyperthermia
* Diaphoresis
* Hypertonia
*Decorticate/ Decerebrate posturing
Teeth Grinding
41
Q

What is the Mx that pt c post-traumatic seizure take?

A

Anticonvulsant drugs (phenyltoin)

42
Q

Length of time between the injury and time at which the patient is able to consistently remember on going events

A

Post-traumatic Amnesia

43
Q

Post-traumatic Amnesia is measured by?

A
  • Galveston Orientation Amnesia Test (GOAT)

* Orientation Log Test

44
Q

What are other manifestations of TBI?

A
  • Pressure Ulcers
  • DVT
  • Heterotopic Ossification
  • fracture
  • Muscle Atrophy
  • Contractures
  • Pneumonia
45
Q

What is the commonly used diagnostic tool used for TBI?

A

CT-scan

46
Q

Enumerate or write the grading for severity of TBI

A
47
Q

Enumerate or write the table of responses in Glasgow Coma Scale

A
48
Q

Enumerate or write the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended

A
49
Q
  • pt appears to be in deep sleep

unresponsive to any stimuli

A

RLA

I. No respone

50
Q
  • Responses may be physiological changes or in nature
  • Gross body movement and/or vocalizations
  • Responses are not related to the type of stimulus presented
A

RLA

II. Generalized Response

51
Q
  • Pt is in heightened state of activity
  • Behavior is bizarre and non-purposeful
  • Pt. lacks short and long-term recall
A

IV. Confused Agitated

52
Q
    • Responses are directly related to the type of stimulus presented
  • May follow simple commans in an inconsistent and delayed manner
A

RLA

III. Localized Response

53
Q
  • Pt. is able to respond to simple command fairly consistently
  • Memory is severely impaired
  • Unable to learn new Info
A

RLA

V. Confused Inappropriate

54
Q
  • Pt. shows goal directed behavior
  • May follow simple directions
  • There is a carry over re-learned tasks such as self-care activities
A

RLA

VI. Confused Appropriate

55
Q
  • Learning at a decreased rateJudgement remains impaired
  • Robot-like behavior
    • May initiate social/recreational activities
A

RLA

VII.Automatic Appropriate

56
Q
  • There is environmental awareness

- (+) learning without supervision

A

RLA

VIII> Purposeful Appropriate

57
Q

the center of the team

A

Patient et Family

58
Q

overseeing the care of the patient with a brain injury

A

Physician

59
Q
  • Examines, evaluates, and treats communication, swallowing and cognitive impairments
  • With their guidance, the team will be able to devise the most effective and consistent way to communicate with the patient
  • will also be able to instruct the team in how the patient’s cognitive impairments may impede new learning
A

Speech-Language Therapist

60
Q

Examines, evaluates, and treats the patient’s diminished ability to perform ADL

A

Occupational Therapist

61
Q

Responsible for dispensing medications and closely monitoring their effects will initiate a bowel and bladder retraining program to assist the patient in learning to become continent again

A

Rehab Nursing

62
Q
  • Often a nurse, social worker, or other health professional

- Will direct team meetings, schedule family conferences, and act as a liaison with third-party payers

A

Case Manager/ Team Coordinator

63
Q

Provides much needed support to both the patient and family

A

Social Worker

64
Q
  • Will often perform neuropsychological testing when appropriate to determine the patient’s base-line cognitive functioning
  • will also assist the team in developing a behavioral management program
A

Neuropsychiatrist

65
Q

Failure to drive specific brain function can lead to functional degradation

A

Use it or lose it

66
Q

Training that drives a specific brain function can lead to an enhancement of that functions

A

Use it to Improve it

67
Q

the nature of the training experience dictates the nature of the plasticity

A

Specificity

68
Q

Induction of plasticity requires sufficient repetition

A

Repetition Matters

69
Q

Induction of plasticity requires sufficient training intensity
- increase difficulty

A

Intensity Matters

70
Q

Different form of plasticity occur at different times during training

A

Time Matters

71
Q

The training experience must be sufficiently salient to induce plasticity
- the training should be meaningful to the patient’s condition

A

Salience Matters

72
Q

Training-induced plasticity occurs more readily in younger brains

A

Age Matters

73
Q

Plasticity in response to one training experience can enhance the acquisition of similar behaviors
- one training can enhance the other

A

Transference

74
Q

Plasticity in response to one experience can interfere with the acquisition of other behaviors

A

Interference

Rehab 103 (5 decks)

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