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Rehab 103 > Cerebrovascular Accident > Flashcards

Cerebrovascular Accident Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primitive name of the Brain?

A

Encephalon

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2
Q

Part of extracellular fluid

A

CSF

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3
Q

Produced by choroid plexus

A

CSF

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4
Q

Enumerate in proper order the CSF flow

A

Choroid Plexus > Lateral Ventricles > Foramen of Monroe > 3rd Ventricle > Sylvian Aqueduct > 4th Ventricle > F. Luschka, F. Magendie, F. Luschka > Subarachnoid Space > Terminates at S2 Level > Reabsorbed at Arachnoid Villi

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5
Q

Membranous connective tissue that encloses the brain and spinal cord

A

Meninges

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6
Q

What are the functions of the meninges?

A

Protect the spinal cord from mechanical damage & infection

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7
Q
  • Outermost covering

- Strongest/ toughest layer

A

Dura Mater

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8
Q

What is the other name for the Dura Mater?

A

Pachymeninx

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9
Q

It is the middle layer of the meninges

A

Arachnoid Mater

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10
Q

What is the other name for Arachnoid Mater?

A

Leptomeninx

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11
Q

The innermost layer of the meninges

A

Pia Mater

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12
Q

What is the other term for Pia Mater?

A

Leptomeninx

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13
Q

Layer found in between the skull and dura mater

A

Extradural Space

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14
Q

Layer located between dura et arachnoid mater

A

Subdural Space

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15
Q

Layer located between arachnoid mater et pia mater

A

Subarachnoid Space

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16
Q
  • Largest part of the brain
  • aka “big brain”
  • has 2 hemispheres
A

Cerebrum

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17
Q

What lateral side of the body is affected when pt has CVA?

A

Contralateral Side

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18
Q

What are the functions of the L Hemisphere?

A 
(MALL)
M- Math Analysis
- Analytical
- Logical thinking
- Language
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19
Q

What are the functions of the R Hemisphere?

A 
(MICA)
M- Memory & music
I- Insights
C- Creativity
A- Arts
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20
Q

Largest lobe of the brain

A

Frontal Lobe of Cerebrum

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21
Q

What are the functions of the Frontal Lobe?

A

(MPS)
M- Motor Function
P- Personality and Behavior
S- “ Seat Intelligence”

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22
Q

What is the function of the Parietal Lobe of the Cerebrum?

A

General Sensation

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23
Q

What are the general sensations?

A 
(PTPT)
P- Pain
T- Temperature
P- Pressure
T- Touch
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24
Q

What is the function of the Occipital Lobe?

A

For Vision

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25
Q

What are the functions of the temporal lobe?

A

Hearing, Memory, Smelling

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26
Q

What is BA 4?

A
  • Primary Motor Area
  • Precentral Gyrus
  • Execution of motor function on the contralateral side of the body
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27
Q

If there is a lesion is BA 4 what is it?

A

Flaccidity

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28
Q

What is BA 6?

A
  • Premotor Area

- aka “Secondary Motor Area”; “Motor Association Area”

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29
Q

What are the functions of BA 6?

A
  • Motor Planning
  • Initiation of Movement
  • Coordination
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30
Q

If BA 6 has a lesion what is it?

A 
@ C/L Side
(SITA)
S- Spasticity
I- Incoordination
T- Tremor
A- Akinesia (Motor Deficit)
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31
Q

What is BA 8?

A

Frontal Eye Field

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32
Q

What is the function of BA 8?

A

Conjugate eye movements

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33
Q

If there is a lesion in BA 8, what is it?

A

Frontal Gaze Pattern

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34
Q

What are BA 9, 10, 11, 12?

A

Prefrontal Areas

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35
Q

What are the functions of BA 9, 10, 11, 12?

A
  • Seat Intelligence

- Personality et Behavior

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36
Q

If there are lesion in BA 9, 10, 11, 12,what is it?

A

Personality and Behavior changes

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37
Q

What is BA 44 et 45?

A

Broca’s Area

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38
Q

What is BA 44 et 45 for?

A
  • Associated c praxis speech

- Motor Speech Area

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39
Q

If there is lesion in BA 44 et 45, what is it?

A

Broca’s Aphasia

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40
Q

What are BA 3, 1, 2?

A

Primary Sensory Area- aka Post-central Gyrus

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41
Q

What are the functions of BA 3, 1, 2?

A
  • Receives all general sensation, location and sensory perception
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42
Q

If there is lesion in BA 3, 1, 2, what is it?

A

Hemianesthesia/ Anesthesia

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43
Q

What is BA 5 et 7?

A
  • Secondary Sensory

- Aka “Somesthetic Area; “Sensory Association Area”

44
Q

What are the functions of BA 5 et 7?

A
  • Interprets sensation perceived by BA 3, 1, 2:
  • Stereognosis
  • Bargonosis
  • Paresthesia
  • Kinesthesia
  • Proprioception
  • Graphesthesia except for pain & temperature
45
Q

What is BA 39?

A

Angular Gyrus

46
Q

What are the functions of BA 39?

A
  • Naming
  • Reading
  • Writing
  • Mathematical Ability
  • Right & Left Orientation
47
Q

If there is lesion in BA 39, what is it?

A

Gertzman Syndrome

48
Q

What is BA 40?

A

Supramarginal Gyrus

49
Q

What are the functions of BA 40?

A

Tactile et Language Perception

50
Q

If there is a lesion in BA 40, what is it called?

A

Apraxia

51
Q

What is BA 43?

A

Gustatory Area

52
Q

What is the function of BA 43?

A

Taste Area

53
Q

If there is a lesion in BA 43, what is it called?

A

Aguesia

54
Q

What is BA 17?

A
  • Primary Visual Area

- aka Striate Cortex

55
Q

What is the function of BA 17?

A

Vision

56
Q

If there is a lesion in BA 17, what are they called?

A
  • Homonymous Hemianopsia (unilateral vision)

- Cortical blindness (ipsilateral lesion)

57
Q

What is BA 18 et 19?

A
  • Secondary Visual Area
  • Visual Association Area
  • Parastriate Cortex
58
Q

What are the functions of BA 18 et 19?

A

Interprets images perceived by BA 17

59
Q

If there are lesions in BA 18 et 19, what are they called?

A
  • Visual Agnosia
  • Color Agnosia
  • Dyschromatopsia
  • Alexia without agraphia
60
Q

What is 41 et 42?

A
  • Primary Auditory Areas

- Heschl’s Gyrus

61
Q

What is the function of BA 41 et 42?

A

Hearing

62
Q

If there are lesions in BA 41 et 42, what are they called?

A
  • Contralateral Deadness (unilateral lesion)

- Cortical deafness (bilateral lesion)

63
Q

What is R BA 22?

A

Auditory Association Area

64
Q

Whatis the function of R BA 22?

A

Interprets sound other than language

65
Q

If there is a lesion in R BA 22, what is it called?

A

Auditory agnosia

66
Q

What is L BA 22?

A

Wernicke’s Area

67
Q

What is the function of L BA 22?

A

Interprets language

68
Q

If there is a lesion in L BA 22, what is it called?

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia

(Can utter clearly but cannot comprehend others

69
Q

Representation of human body based on a neurological map

A

Homunculus

70
Q

Blood supply of brain divided anteriorly et posteriorly

A

Circle of Willis

71
Q

Where is opthalmic artery located?

A

1st branch of ICS

72
Q

Artery that is involved in asymptomatic stroke

A

Anterior Cerebral Artery

73
Q

What does Ant. Cerebral Artery supplies?

A

Medial frontal et parietal lobe

74
Q

Terminal branch of ICA
Largest branch of ICA
Most occluded artery

A

Middle Cerebral Artery

75
Q

What are the areas that are being supplied by Middle Cerebral Artery?

A

Lateral frontal
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe

76
Q

Connects the right and left ACA

A

Anterior Communicating Artery

77
Q

Terminal brand of SCA

Aka “Medial Striate Artery”

A

Recurrent Artery of Huebner

78
Q

What are the areas being supplied by the Recurrent Artery of Huebner?

A

Globus Pallidus

Anterior Limb of Internal Capsule

79
Q

Terminal Branch of MCA

Aka “Lateral Striate Artery”

A

Lenticulostriate Artery

80
Q

What are the areas that are being supplied by the Lenticulostriate Artery?

A

Neostrium

Posterior Limb of Internal Capsule

81
Q

Branch of vertebral artery

A

PICA

82
Q

What areas are supplied by PICA

A

Medulla Oblongata

Cerebellum

83
Q

1st branch of basilar artery

A

AICA

84
Q

What areas that are being supplied by AICA?

A

Pons

Cerebellum

85
Q

What areas that being supplied by Superior Cerebellar Artery (SCA)

A

Midbrain

Cerebellum

86
Q

terminal branch of basilar artery

A

Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)

87
Q

What areas are being supplied by the PCA?

A

Medial & inferior temporal lobe
Occipital Lobe
DiencephalonMidbrain

88
Q

Branch of ICA that connect the ICA & PCA

A

Posterior Communicating Artery

89
Q

Enumerate the components of the Circle of Willis

A 
A. Anterior Communicating Artery
B. ACA
C. ICA
D. Posterior Communicating Artery
E. PCA
90
Q

Sudden loss of neurologic function caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain

A

Cerebrovascular Accident

91
Q

What are the other names of CVA?

A

Brain attack
Stroke
Apoplexy

92
Q

What is a Transient Ischemic Attack?

A
  • Refers to the temporary interruption of blood supply to the brain
  • do not last more than 24 hours
  • there is no evidence of residual brain damage
93
Q

What is a Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit (RIND)?

A
  • Development of more severe neurological impairment
  • Often associated with active occlusive thrombosis of a major cerebral artery
  • > 24 hrs but not more than 21 days
  • secondary to subsiding brain edema
94
Q

A term used to describe a stroke affecting patients younger than age 45
Associated with hemorrhagic stroke

A

Young Stroke

95
Q

Enumerate the Non-Modifiable Risk Factors of CVA

A 
(AGRF)
A- Age
G- Gender
R- Race
F- Family Hx
96
Q

Enumerate the Modified Risk Factors of CVA

A 
A. Hypertension
B. Heart Disease
C. Diabetes Mellitus
D. Smoking
E. Sedentary Lifestyle
F. Hyperlipidemia
G. Obesity
H. Personality and Behavior
97
Q

Interruption/restriction of blood supply to the brain

A

Ischemic Stroke

98
Q

What is Thrombotic Stroke?

A
  • MC Stroke
  • Aka “Large Vessel Thrombosis”
  • Formation /Development of blood clot within the cerebral arteries or their branches
99
Q

What is the major contributing factory to Thrombotic Stroke?

A

Atherosclerosis

100
Q

What are the sites affected in Thrombotic Stoke?

A
  • VBA
  • MCA
  • Common Carotid Artery
101
Q

What is Embolic Stroke?

A
  • it is due to Embolus acquired from A fib

Onset: Sudden or Abrupt

102
Q

What is Lacunar Stroke?

A
  • aka “Small Vessel Thrombosis”

- Onset: Gradual et Suddenseen in deep perforating branches of the large blood vessels

103
Q

What are the sites in Lacunar Stroke?

A
  • PCA
  • Lenticulostriate Artery
  • Recurrent Artery of Huebner
104
Q

What are the areas affected in Lacunar Stroke?

A
  • Basal Ganglia (MC)
  • Cerebellum
  • Pons
  • Internal Capsule
  • Thalamus
105
Q

What is Hemorrhagic Stroke?

A
  • bleeding into the brain

- Secondary ruptured blood vessel or abnormal vascular structures in the brain

Rehab 103 (5 decks)

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