Trauma & Stress Related Disorders (PTSD) - Lewis Flashcards

1
Q

PTSD must occur for at least ______, while ASD lasts up to ______.

A

PTSD must occur for at least 1 month (1+)

ASD lasts up to 1 month (<1)

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2
Q

Is PTSD more prevalent among males or female?

A

More prevalent among females!

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3
Q

Adults diagnosed with PTSD are more likely to also be diagnosed with what?

A

Comorbidities including:

  • Depression
  • Anxiety
  • Substance Use Disorder

(NOT Oppositional Defiant Disorder)

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4
Q

What disorder includes emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers, persistent social and emotional disturbance, and child experiencing a pattern of extremes of insufficient care?

A

Reactive Attachment Disorder

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5
Q

What group of disorders are classified as an array of stress-response syndromes occuring after exposure to a distressing event and begins within 3 months of onset of a stressor and lasts no longer than 6 months after the stressor or its consequences have resolved?

A

Adjustment Disorders

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6
Q

What disorder is due to qualifying traumatic events that were experienced directly, witnessed, or experienced indirectly, and lasts only 3 days to 1 month?

A

Acute Stress Disorder

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7
Q

What is the essential feature of PTSD?

A

Significant reaction to serious traumatic event that involves actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation.

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8
Q

What are the 4 criteria of PTSD that specifies how an event has to be experienced in terms of DSM-5?

A
  1. Directly experiencing
  2. Witnessing in person
  3. Learning the event happened to a close family member or friend
  4. Repeated exposure to aversive details of an event (e.g. first responders)
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9
Q

How many/what are the four general groups of symptoms of PTSD?

A
  • Intrusive symptoms (dreams, flashbacks, etc.)
  • Avoidance of reminders
  • Negative alterationg is cognition or mood
  • Alterations of arousal and reactivity
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10
Q

What is the duration of PTSD required for diagnosis according to DSM-5?

A

Greater than 1 month

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11
Q

What does the “DREAMS” mnemonic stand for in PTSD?

A

D: Detachment

R: Reexperiencing the event

E: Event had emotional effects

A: Avoidance

M: Month in duration (symptoms <1 month)

S: Sympathetic hyperactivity or Hypervigilance

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12
Q

Too much of what neurotransmitter is present during a traumatic event?

A

Norepinephrine

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13
Q

Too little of what neurotransmitter is prevalent during a traumatic event?

A

Serotonin

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14
Q

Within how many hours of a traumatic event should Critical Incident Stress Debriefing be peformed?

(group based therapy for people who just experienced trauma to reduce symptoms of PTSD)

A

Within first 72 hours

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15
Q

What is the overall lifetime prevalence of PTSD?

A

7.8%

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16
Q

Women are how many times more likely to experience PTSD than men?

A

2 times

17
Q

What traumatic event is the #1 risk of PTSD?

A

Rape (49%)

18
Q

What percent of PTSD sufferers have a comorbid disorder?

A

80%

19
Q

Women who have PTSD are 4.1x and men are 6.9x as likely to develop what additional psychiatric diagnosis?

A

Major Depression

20
Q

What is the estimated rate of attempted suicide in patients who have PTSD?

A

20%

21
Q

What is the varied risk/prevalence of PTSD among Veteran due to?

A
  • Branch of military
  • Rank & deployments
  • Region stationed in
  • Number of firefights
  • Conflictual relationships
22
Q

What are the three different types of stress injuries?

A
  • Traumatic stress
  • Operational fatigue
  • Grief
23
Q

There is a significant positive association between parent PTSD and what child manifestation?

A

Child PTSS

(post-traumatic stress syndrome)

24
Q

Through what process do partners of sufferers of PTSD develop symptoms that are same as PTSD without any primary trauma?

A

Secondary Stress

25
Q

What model describes how partners can experience worrying and stressful thoughts and behaviors that mirror the symptomology of a PTSD victim?

A

Trauma Transmission Model

26
Q

What is the recommended treatment for Acute PTSD?

A
  • Stress debriefing
  • Psychotherapy
27
Q

What is the recommended treatment for Severe Acute PTSD and Chronic PTSD?

A
  • Stress debriefing
  • Medication
  • Group & Individual Psychotherapy
28
Q

What is the recommended treatment for PTSD in children, adolescant, and geriatric patients?

A

Psychotherapy

29
Q

What is exposure therapy?

A

Psychoeducation: Education about common reactions to trauma.

(involves breathing retraining, repeated exposure conditioning)

30
Q

What is cognitive therapy?

A

Separating the intrusive thoughts from the associated anxiety that they produce.

31
Q

What is stress inoculation training?

A

Variant of exposure training that teaches client to relax.

32
Q

What are the 2 ultimate goals of therapy for PTSD?

A
  1. Decondition anxiety
  2. Re-establish feeling of integrity and/or control
33
Q

What are possible medicinal treatments of PTSD?

A
  • SSRIs
  • Tricyclic Antidepressants
  • Noradrenergic Agents
  • Beta Blockers (Propranolol)
34
Q

What are some PTSD treatment barriers for military personnel?

A
  • More likely to speak to a medical professional compared to mental health specialist
  • Behavior health provider shortage
  • On-again-off-again symptoms that are exacerbated by a number of triggers
  • Many medical professionals are not trained to assess for psychosocial difficulties
35
Q

What are common comorbidities of PTSD in adults and children that may precede, follow, or emerge concurrently with PTSD?

A
  • Adults - Anxiety, affective, substance use, somatization, psychosis
  • Children - ODD, SAD