Trauma & Stress Related Disorders (PTSD) - Lewis Flashcards
PTSD must occur for at least ______, while ASD lasts up to ______.
PTSD must occur for at least 1 month (1+)
ASD lasts up to 1 month (<1)
Is PTSD more prevalent among males or female?
More prevalent among females!
Adults diagnosed with PTSD are more likely to also be diagnosed with what?
Comorbidities including:
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Substance Use Disorder
(NOT Oppositional Defiant Disorder)
What disorder includes emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers, persistent social and emotional disturbance, and child experiencing a pattern of extremes of insufficient care?
Reactive Attachment Disorder
What group of disorders are classified as an array of stress-response syndromes occuring after exposure to a distressing event and begins within 3 months of onset of a stressor and lasts no longer than 6 months after the stressor or its consequences have resolved?
Adjustment Disorders
What disorder is due to qualifying traumatic events that were experienced directly, witnessed, or experienced indirectly, and lasts only 3 days to 1 month?
Acute Stress Disorder
What is the essential feature of PTSD?
Significant reaction to serious traumatic event that involves actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation.
What are the 4 criteria of PTSD that specifies how an event has to be experienced in terms of DSM-5?
- Directly experiencing
- Witnessing in person
- Learning the event happened to a close family member or friend
- Repeated exposure to aversive details of an event (e.g. first responders)
How many/what are the four general groups of symptoms of PTSD?
- Intrusive symptoms (dreams, flashbacks, etc.)
- Avoidance of reminders
- Negative alterationg is cognition or mood
- Alterations of arousal and reactivity
What is the duration of PTSD required for diagnosis according to DSM-5?
Greater than 1 month
What does the “DREAMS” mnemonic stand for in PTSD?
D: Detachment
R: Reexperiencing the event
E: Event had emotional effects
A: Avoidance
M: Month in duration (symptoms <1 month)
S: Sympathetic hyperactivity or Hypervigilance
Too much of what neurotransmitter is present during a traumatic event?
Norepinephrine
Too little of what neurotransmitter is prevalent during a traumatic event?
Serotonin
Within how many hours of a traumatic event should Critical Incident Stress Debriefing be peformed?
(group based therapy for people who just experienced trauma to reduce symptoms of PTSD)
Within first 72 hours
What is the overall lifetime prevalence of PTSD?
7.8%
Women are how many times more likely to experience PTSD than men?
2 times
What traumatic event is the #1 risk of PTSD?
Rape (49%)
What percent of PTSD sufferers have a comorbid disorder?
80%
Women who have PTSD are 4.1x and men are 6.9x as likely to develop what additional psychiatric diagnosis?
Major Depression
What is the estimated rate of attempted suicide in patients who have PTSD?
20%
What is the varied risk/prevalence of PTSD among Veteran due to?
- Branch of military
- Rank & deployments
- Region stationed in
- Number of firefights
- Conflictual relationships
What are the three different types of stress injuries?
- Traumatic stress
- Operational fatigue
- Grief
There is a significant positive association between parent PTSD and what child manifestation?
Child PTSS
(post-traumatic stress syndrome)
Through what process do partners of sufferers of PTSD develop symptoms that are same as PTSD without any primary trauma?
Secondary Stress
What model describes how partners can experience worrying and stressful thoughts and behaviors that mirror the symptomology of a PTSD victim?
Trauma Transmission Model
What is the recommended treatment for Acute PTSD?
- Stress debriefing
- Psychotherapy
What is the recommended treatment for Severe Acute PTSD and Chronic PTSD?
- Stress debriefing
- Medication
- Group & Individual Psychotherapy
What is the recommended treatment for PTSD in children, adolescant, and geriatric patients?
Psychotherapy
What is exposure therapy?
Psychoeducation: Education about common reactions to trauma.
(involves breathing retraining, repeated exposure conditioning)
What is cognitive therapy?
Separating the intrusive thoughts from the associated anxiety that they produce.
What is stress inoculation training?
Variant of exposure training that teaches client to relax.
What are the 2 ultimate goals of therapy for PTSD?
- Decondition anxiety
- Re-establish feeling of integrity and/or control
What are possible medicinal treatments of PTSD?
- SSRIs
- Tricyclic Antidepressants
- Noradrenergic Agents
- Beta Blockers (Propranolol)
What are some PTSD treatment barriers for military personnel?
- More likely to speak to a medical professional compared to mental health specialist
- Behavior health provider shortage
- On-again-off-again symptoms that are exacerbated by a number of triggers
- Many medical professionals are not trained to assess for psychosocial difficulties
What are common comorbidities of PTSD in adults and children that may precede, follow, or emerge concurrently with PTSD?
- Adults - Anxiety, affective, substance use, somatization, psychosis
- Children - ODD, SAD
