Trauma & Stress Related Disorders (PTSD) - Lewis

Question 1

PTSD must occur for at least ______, while ASD lasts up to ______.

Answer 1

PTSD must occur for at least 1 month (1+)

ASD lasts up to 1 month (<1)

Question 2

Is PTSD more prevalent among males or female?

Answer 2

More prevalent among females!

Question 3

Adults diagnosed with PTSD are more likely to also be diagnosed with what?

Answer 3

Comorbidities including:

• Depression
• Anxiety
• Substance Use Disorder

(NOT Oppositional Defiant Disorder)

Question 4

What disorder includes emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers, persistent social and emotional disturbance, and child experiencing a pattern of extremes of insufficient care?

Answer 4

Reactive Attachment Disorder

Question 5

What group of disorders are classified as an array of stress-response syndromes occuring after exposure to a distressing event and begins within 3 months of onset of a stressor and lasts no longer than 6 months after the stressor or its consequences have resolved?

Answer 5

Adjustment Disorders

Question 6

What disorder is due to qualifying traumatic events that were experienced directly, witnessed, or experienced indirectly, and lasts only 3 days to 1 month?

Answer 6

Acute Stress Disorder

Question 7

What is the essential feature of PTSD?

Answer 7

Significant reaction to serious traumatic event that involves actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation.

Question 8

What are the 4 criteria of PTSD that specifies how an event has to be experienced in terms of DSM-5?

Answer 8

1. Directly experiencing
2. Witnessing in person
3. Learning the event happened to a close family member or friend
4. Repeated exposure to aversive details of an event (e.g. first responders)

Question 9

How many/what are the four general groups of symptoms of PTSD?

Answer 9

• Intrusive symptoms (dreams, flashbacks, etc.)
• Avoidance of reminders
• Negative alterationg is cognition or mood
• Alterations of arousal and reactivity

Question 10

What is the duration of PTSD required for diagnosis according to DSM-5?

Answer 10

Greater than 1 month

Question 11

What does the “DREAMS” mnemonic stand for in PTSD?

Answer 11

D: Detachment

R: Reexperiencing the event

E: Event had emotional effects

A: Avoidance

M: Month in duration (symptoms <1 month)

S: Sympathetic hyperactivity or Hypervigilance

Question 12

Too much of what neurotransmitter is present during a traumatic event?

Answer 12

Norepinephrine

Question 13

Too little of what neurotransmitter is prevalent during a traumatic event?

Answer 13

Serotonin

Question 14

Within how many hours of a traumatic event should Critical Incident Stress Debriefing be peformed?

(group based therapy for people who just experienced trauma to reduce symptoms of PTSD)

Answer 14

Within first 72 hours

Question 15

What is the overall lifetime prevalence of PTSD?

Answer 15

7.8%

Question 16

Women are how many times more likely to experience PTSD than men?

Answer 16

2 times

Question 17

What traumatic event is the #1 risk of PTSD?

Answer 17

Rape (49%)

Question 18

What percent of PTSD sufferers have a comorbid disorder?

Answer 18

80%

Question 19

Women who have PTSD are 4.1x and men are 6.9x as likely to develop what additional psychiatric diagnosis?

Answer 19

Major Depression

Question 20

What is the estimated rate of attempted suicide in patients who have PTSD?

Answer 20

20%

Question 21

What is the varied risk/prevalence of PTSD among Veteran due to?

Answer 21

• Branch of military
• Rank & deployments
• Region stationed in
• Number of firefights
• Conflictual relationships

Question 22

What are the three different types of stress injuries?

Answer 22

• Traumatic stress
• Operational fatigue
• Grief

Question 23

There is a significant positive association between parent PTSD and what child manifestation?

Answer 23

Child PTSS

(post-traumatic stress syndrome)

Question 24

Through what process do partners of sufferers of PTSD develop symptoms that are same as PTSD without any primary trauma?

Answer 24

Secondary Stress

Question 25

What model describes how partners can experience worrying and stressful thoughts and behaviors that mirror the symptomology of a PTSD victim?

Answer 25

Trauma Transmission Model

Question 26

What is the recommended treatment for Acute PTSD?

Answer 26

• Stress debriefing
• Psychotherapy

Question 27

What is the recommended treatment for Severe Acute PTSD and Chronic PTSD?

Answer 27

• Stress debriefing
• Medication
• Group & Individual Psychotherapy

Question 28

What is the recommended treatment for PTSD in children, adolescant, and geriatric patients?

Answer 28

Psychotherapy

Question 29

What is exposure therapy?

Answer 29

Psychoeducation: Education about common reactions to trauma.

(involves breathing retraining, repeated exposure conditioning)

Question 30

What is cognitive therapy?

Answer 30

Separating the intrusive thoughts from the associated anxiety that they produce.

Question 31

What is stress inoculation training?

Answer 31

Variant of exposure training that teaches client to relax.

Question 32

What are the 2 ultimate goals of therapy for PTSD?

Answer 32

1. Decondition anxiety
2. Re-establish feeling of integrity and/or control

Question 33

What are possible medicinal treatments of PTSD?

Answer 33

• SSRIs
• Tricyclic Antidepressants
• Noradrenergic Agents
• Beta Blockers (Propranolol)

Question 34

What are some PTSD treatment barriers for military personnel?

Answer 34

• More likely to speak to a medical professional compared to mental health specialist
• Behavior health provider shortage
• On-again-off-again symptoms that are exacerbated by a number of triggers
• Many medical professionals are not trained to assess for psychosocial difficulties

Question 35

What are common comorbidities of PTSD in adults and children that may precede, follow, or emerge concurrently with PTSD?

Answer 35

• Adults - Anxiety, affective, substance use, somatization, psychosis
• Children - ODD, SAD