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BLS > Trauma standards > Flashcards

Trauma standards Flashcards

1
Q

What r the 6 Ps and an A

A

Paresis: muscular weakness
Paraesthesia: pins and needles
Paralysis: inability to move
Pain
Pallor
Pulse
Anaesthesia: loss of sensation

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2
Q

How do we treat first degree burns

A

Moist sterile dressing and then cover with dry dressing

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3
Q

How do we treat 2nd degree burns <15% BSA

A

Moist, sterile dressing

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4
Q

How do we treat 2nd degree burns equal to or over 15% BSA

A

Dry sterile dressing

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5
Q

How do we treat 3rd degree burns

A

dry sterile dressing

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6
Q

Describe the rule of 9s for BSA burn %

A

Front of head = 4.5%
Back of head = 4.5%
Chest = 9%
Back = 9%
Abdomen = 9%
Lower back = 9%
Front of one arm = 4.5%
Back of one arm = 4.5%
Genitals = 1%
Front of one leg = 9%
Back of one leg = 9%

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7
Q

Describe the parkland formula

A

4mL * BSA% * Weight(kg)
Give half over the first 8 hours, give the other half over the next 16 hours.

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8
Q

For abdominal/pelvic injury consider what potential life/limb/function threats

A

Rupture, perforation, laceration, or hemorrhage of organs or vessels in the abdomen and potentially in the thorax or pelvis
Spinal cord injury

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9
Q

How to do u irrigate bite injuries on a stable patient

A

up to 5 minutes

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10
Q

What life/limb/function threats do you consider for bite injuries

A

injuries to underlying organs, vessels and bones

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11
Q

If envenomation (from a bite) is know or suspected you should…?

A

Position the patient supine
Immobilize the bite area at or slightly below the heart level
Not apply cold packs

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12
Q

For chest injury consider what life/limb/function threats

A

tension pneumothorax
Hemothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Myocardial contusion
Pulmonary contusion
Spinal cord injury
Flail chest

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13
Q

If the patient has a penetrating chest injury assess for…

A

Entry and exit wounds
Tracheal deviation
JVD
Airway and/or vascular penetration

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14
Q

For head injury, observe for…

A

CSF from nose/ears
Mastoid bruising
Abnormal posturing
Agitation or fluctuating behaviour
Incontinence
Emesis

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15
Q

What are some s/s of cerebral herniation

A

Deteriorating GCS with;
Dilated and unreactive pupils
Asymmetric pupillary response
A motor response that shows either unilateral or bilateral decorticate or decerebrate posturing

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16
Q

How often should u do pulse and respiration check for suspected/known hypothermia

A

10 seconds

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17
Q

In absence of shivering, and LOC in decreased, what could u assume their body temp is?

A

below 32

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18
Q

In electrical injury, what life/limb/function threats to consider

A

Cardiopulmonary arrest
Dysrhythmias
Extremity neurovascular compromise
Multiple/severe trauma
Seizures
Significant internal tissue damage

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19
Q

How do u treat an alkali burn

A

irrigate for a min. of 20 minutes if pt is stable

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20
Q

How do u treat an acid burn

A

irrigate for a minimum of 10 minutes if pt is stable

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21
Q

How do u treat unknown chemical exposure

A

Irrigate for min. 20 minutes if pt is stable

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22
Q

In submersion injury consider what underlying disorders

A

Drug or alcohol consumption
Hypoglycemia
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Trauma

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23
Q

what are some suctioning complications

A

Gag reflex
Vagal stimulation / vasovagal response
Bradycardia
Laryngospasm
Soft tissue injury
Induce vomiting

24
Q

Under the amputation/avulsion standard what potential life/limb/function threats should you consider

A

Hemorrhagic shock
Loss of limb
Loss of function

25
Q

How do you take care of an complete amputation

A

cover the stump with a moist sterile dressing, followed by a dry dressing. Don’t constrict or twist remaining tissue

26
Q

How do you take care of a partial amputation or avulsion

A

place the remaining tissue or skin bridge in as near-normal anatomical position as possible

27
Q

How do you preserve amputated tissue

A
  • If the part is grossly contaminated, gently rinse with saline
  • Wrap or cover the exposed end with moist, sterile dressing
  • Place the part in a suitable container/plastic (water-tight if possible) bag and immerse in cold water
28
Q

Under the blunt/penetrating abdominal/pelvic injury standard, what potential life/limb/function threats should you consider

A

Rupture, perforation, laceration, or hemorrhage of organs and/or vessels in the abdomen and potentially in the thorax or pelvis AND spinal cord injury

29
Q

Under the blunt/penetrating bite injury standard, what potential life/limb/function threats should you consider?

A

Injuries to underlying organs, vessels, bone
Specific to snake bite; anaphylaxis, shock, CNS toxicity, local tissue necrosis

30
Q

Under the blunt/penetrating chest injury standard what potential life/limb/function threats should you consider?

A

Tension pneumothorax
Hemothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Myocardial contusion
Pulmonary contusion
Spinal cord injury
Flail chest

31
Q

If a patient has a penetrating chest injury, what should you assess for

A

Entry and exit wounds
Tracheal deviation
JVD
Airway and/or vascular penetration

32
Q

If the patient has a chest injury what potential problems should you prepare for

A

Tension pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Hemoptysis

33
Q

How should you transport a patient with a blunt/penetrating eye injury

A

Supine, with head elevated approx. 30 degrees

34
Q

Under the blunt/penetrating head injury, what potential life/limb/function threats should you consider

A

Intercranial and/or intracerebral hemorrhage
Neck/spine injuries
Facial/skull fractures
Concussion

35
Q

Under the blunt/penetrating head injury what should you observe for?

A

Fluid from ears/nose
Mastoid bruising
Abnormal posturing
Periorbital ecchymosis
Agitation or fluctuating behaviour
Urinary/fecal incontinence
Emesis

36
Q

What are the signs of cerebral herniation

A
  1. Dilated and unreactive pupils
  2. Asymmetric pupillary response
  3. A motor response that shows either unilateral or bilateral decorticate or decerebrate posturing
37
Q

Under the traumatic head trauma injury standard what potential problems should you prepare for?

A

Respiratory distress/arrest
Seizures
Decreasing level of consciousness
Agitation or combativeness

38
Q

Under the traumatic neck/back injury standard injury what should you observe for?

A

Diaphragmatic breathing
Neurological deficits
Priapism
Urinary/fecal incontinence/retention

39
Q

For a traumatic neck/back injury, perform at a minimum, a secondary survey to assess what?

A

Airway and/or vascular penetration
Lungs, for decreased air entry and adventitious sounds through auscultation
Head/neck for JVD, and tracheal shifting
Chest for subcutaneous emphysema

40
Q

Under the burn standard, what potential life/limb/function threats should you consider?

A

Airway burns
Asphyxia
Carbon monoxide/cyanide poisoning
Shock

41
Q

Under the burn standard, perform at a minimum a secondary survey to assess what?

A

Area burned
Burn depth
Percentage of body surface area burned
And assess for signs of smoke inhalation and upper airway injury

42
Q

Under the traumatic burn standard, what expected problems should you be prepared for?

A

Airway obstruction
Airway burns (bronchospasm, orolingual/laryngeal edema)
Respiratory distress/arrest
Agitation or combativeness

43
Q

Under the cold injury standard, how do you treat mild to moderate hypothermia

A

Wrap the patients body/affected parts in a blanket or foil rescue blanket
Provide external re-warming to axilla, groin, neck, and head (hot packs, hot water bottles)

44
Q

Under the cold injury standard, how do you treat severe hypothermia

A

Wrap the patient’s body/affected parts in a blanket or foil rescue blanket.
When suction is required, do not perform vigorous suctioning or airway manipulation as it may trigger ventricular fibrillation

45
Q

What are some S/S of severe hypothermia

A

No shivering present
Unconscious patient with cold, stiff limbs
Slow/absent pulse and respirations
No signs of obvious death

46
Q

How do you treat frostbite

A

Wrap the patient’s body/affected parts in a blanket or foil rescue blanket. Cover and protect the part.
Don’t rub or massage skin
Leave blisters intact
If dressing digits, dress digits separately

47
Q

Under the electrocution/electrical injury standard, what potential life/limb/function threats should you consider?

A

Cardiopulmonary arrest
Dysrhythmias
Extremity neurovascular compromise
Multiple and/or severe trauma
Seizures
Significant internal tissue damage

48
Q

What should you attempt to determine for an electrical injury?

A

Type of current and voltage

49
Q

Under the electrical injury standard, you should assess for what signs of significant electrical injury?

A

Burns
Cold/mottled/pulseless extremities
Dysrhythmias
Entry/exit wounds
Muscle spasms
Neurological impairment
Shallow/irregular respirations

50
Q

If an extremity is affected by electrical trauma, how often should you re-assess distal neurovascular status?

A

Approx. every 10 minutes

51
Q

Under the electrical injury standard, what potential problems should you prepare for?

A

Dysrhythmias
Extremity neurovascular compromise

52
Q

Under the soft tissue injury standard, what underlying injuries should you consider?

A

Injury to deep structures (nerves, vessels, bones)

53
Q

How do you treat a soft tissue extremity wound

A
  1. Direct pressure
  2. Tourniquet
  3. Second tourniquet
  4. Pack the wound
54
Q

How do you treat a soft tissue wound in a junctional location

A
  1. Direct pressure
  2. Pack the wound
55
Q

How do you treat a soft tissue wound located in the hollow spaces of the skull, chest, or abdomen

A
  1. Direct pressure
    Do not pack, do not insert finger
56
Q

Under the submersion injury standard, what potential life/limb/function threats should you consider?

A

Asphyxia
Aspiration
Hypothermia
Pulmonary edema
Underlying disorders which may have precipitated events (drug or alcohol consumption, hypoglycemia, cardiac dysrhythmias, trauma)

57
Q

Under the submersion injury standard, what potential life, limb, function threat should you consider specific to scuba-diving related disorders

A

Barotrauma (ears, sinuses, pneumothorax)
Decompression sickness
Arterial gas embolism

BLS (6 decks)

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