Obstetrics, neonates, and pediatrics

Question 1

Describe APGAR

Answer 1

Activity (muscle tone)
Pulse
Grimace (reflex irritability)
Appearance (skin colour)
Respiration

Question 2

What are the 3 categories of the PAT

Answer 2

Appearance
Work of breathing
Circulation to skin

Question 3

What are the differences in children airways

Answer 3

Smaller mouth opening and airways
Relatively larger tongue
Epiglottis is floppier and rounder
Rely more on diaphragm to assist breathing when in distress
Cricoid cartilage is narrowest part of the airway (up to age 10)

Question 4

What’s the age weight formula

Answer 4

(Age x 2) + 10

Question 5

What’s the normal heart rate and resp. rate for 0-3 months old

Answer 5

RR: 30-60
HR: 90-180

Question 6

Whats the normal RR and HR for 3-6 months old

Answer 6

RR: 30-60
HR: 80-160

Question 7

Whats the normal RR and HR for 6-12 months

Answer 7

RR: 25-45
HR: 80-140

Question 8

Whats the normal RR and HR for 1-3 year olds

Answer 8

RR: 20-30
HR: 75-130

Question 9

Whats the normal RR and HR for 6 year olds

Answer 9

RR: 16-24
HR: 70-110

Question 10

Whats the normal RR and HR for 10 year olds

Answer 10

RR: 14-20
HR: 60-90

Question 11

Whats the formula for normotension

Answer 11

SBP over or equal to 90 mmHg + (2 x age in years)

Question 12

What’s the formula for hypotension

Answer 12

SBP over 70 mmHg + (2 x age in years)

Question 13

What are some things you should consider assessing for pediatrics

Answer 13

Change in appetite
Change in behaviour/personality
Excessive drooling
Decrease in number of wet diapers
Inconsolable crying or screaming
Lethargy
Patient positioning
Work of breathing

Question 14

How do you treat FBAO in children

Answer 14

5 back blows and 5 chest compressions

Question 15

What are some S/S of respiratory distress in pediatrics

Answer 15

• Tachypnea
• Increased respiratory effort
• Clear lung sounds
• Tachycardia
• Agitation
• Pale skin tone

Question 16

What are some S/S respiratory failure for pediatrics

Answer 16

• Slow or laboured breathing
• No respiratory effort
• Poor muscle tone
• Abnormal lung sounds
• Cyanosis
• Bradycardia
• Failure to respond to pain

Question 17

What are some S/S of respiratory arrest in pediatrics

Answer 17

• Agonal or no breathing
• Cyanosis
• Weak/irregular pulse/no pulse
• Unresponsive
• No chest rise and fall

Question 18

Describe S/S and other differentiating factors of croup

Answer 18

• Viral infection
• 6 months to 4/5 years old
• Presents with barking cough and stridor at rest
• Often presents with history of recent infection
• Gradual onset
• Fever
• Edema around the glottis

Question 19

Describe S/S and other differentiating factors of epiglottitis

Answer 19

• Bacterial infection
• 3 to 7 years old
• Rapid onset
• Drooling
• Painful to swallow
• Dyspnea
• Tripoding
• Fever (higher then croup 38.9-40 C)
• Edema of the epiglottis
• No barking cough

Question 20

Describe S/S and other differentiating factors of asthma

Answer 20

• Tachypnea
• Accessory muscle use
• Shark wave capnography
• Family history of asthma
• Fast onset