Medical Standards

Question 1

For abdo pain (non traumatic), what potential life/limb/function threats shall you consider?

Answer 1

• Aortic aneurism
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Other non-abdo disorders that presents with abdo pain (DKA, pulmonary embolism)
• Perforated or obstructed hollow organs
• Acute pancreatitis
• Testicular torsion
• Pelvic infection
• Strangulated hernia

Question 2

Under the abdo pain (non traumatic) standard at minimum what should access in the secondary survey?

Answer 2

Pulsations
Scars
Discoloration
Distention
Masses
Guarding
Rigidity
Tenderness

Question 3

T/F? If abdo aneurism is suspected, we should palpate femoral pulses for weakness/absence?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Under the allergic reaction standard, at minimum what shall we assess during the secondary assessment?

Answer 4

• Site of allergic reaction
• Lungs (for adventitious sounds)
• Skin (for erythema, urticaria, and edema)

Question 5

During an allergic reaction, what potential problems should you prepare for?

Answer 5

Cardiac arrest
Airway obstructions
Anaphylaxis
Bronchospasm
Hypotension

Question 6

Under the back pain (non traumatic) standard, what potential life/limb/function threats should we consider?

Answer 6

Abdominal/thoracic aortic aneurysm
Acute spinal nerve root compression
Intra-abdominal disease
Possible occult injury

Question 7

Under the back pain (non traumatic) standard, at a minimum perform a secondary survey to assess…?

Answer 7

Assess the back for abnormal appearances/findings
Chest
Abdomen
Distal pulses
Extremities for PMS

Question 8

For dysphagia, consider what life/limb/function threats

Answer 8

Anaphylaxis
Upper airway infections

Question 9

For dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) perform a secondary survey to assess

Answer 9

drooling
Hoarse voice, or cough
Nasal flaring
Swelling or masses
Tracheal deviation
Lungs (for adventitious sounds)

Question 10

For epistaxis consider what life/limb/function threat?

Answer 10

Upper airway obstruction

Question 11

During an epistaxis call, what’s an important question to ask?

Answer 11

Are you on blood thinners?

Question 12

For epistaxis perform a secondary to assess

Answer 12

Estimated blood loss
- Hemorrhage duration
- Rate of flow
- Presence of clots
- Quantity of blood soaked materials
- Quantity of blood vomited

Question 13

What are some potential life/limb/function threats you should consider for a fever?

Answer 13

Overdose
Sepsis
Meningitis
Heat-related illness

Question 14

What are the s/s of sepsis

Answer 14

Fever >38.5
Possible infection suspected
SBP <90
Resp. rate over or equal to 22
Reduced LOA

Question 15

Under the fever standard, perform at a minimum a secondary survey to assess…

Answer 15

Lungs (adventitious sounds)
Skin (jaundice, rash, signs of dehydration)
Head/neck (photophobia, scleral jaundice, stiff neck, headache)
Abdomen
Temperature

Question 16

What life/limb/functions threats should you consider for a headache

Answer 16

Intercranial/intracerebral events
CNS infection
Severe hypertension
Toxic event/exposure

Question 17

What s/s can indicate a serious underlying disorder or cause of a headache

Answer 17

• Sudden onset of severe headache with no previous medical history of headache
• Had a headache for days/weeks that suddenly got worse
• Change in pattern of usual headaches
• Headache accompanied by; altered mental status, decreased LOC, neurologic deficits, obvious stiff neck (and other signs of infection), pupillary abnormalities, visual disturbances

Question 18

Under the heat related illness standard, what potential life/limb/function threat should you consider?

Answer 18

Heat stroke, hypovolemic shock

Question 19

What are some s/s of heat stroke

Answer 19

Severely altered mental status, coma, seizure, hyperthermia over or equal to 40

Question 20

For heat related illness, perform a secondary survey to assess what?

Answer 20

CNS
Mouth, for state of dehydration
Skin temp, colour, condition, and state of hydration
Extremities for PMS
Temperature

Question 21

If heat exhaustion is suspected, what should u do?

Answer 21

Move the patient to the wee woo wagon and remove as much clothing as possible.
If patient is not n/v, give small quantities of fluids

Question 22

What r s/s of heat exhaustion

Answer 22

mild alterations in mental status
Non specific complaints (headache, n/v, malaise)
Excessive sweating (or hot dry skin in old ppl)

Question 23

If ur working assessment indicated heat stroke what should u do

Answer 23

Move patient into the wee woo wagon
Remove as much clothing as possible
Withhold oral fluids
Cover the patient with wet sheets
Apply cold packs to the axilla, groin, neck, and head

Question 24

Under the hematemesis standard, what are some potential life/limb/function threats

Answer 24

Esophageal varices
GI diseases

Question 25

Under the n/v standard what life/limb/function threats should u consider

Answer 25

Acute coronary syndrome/acute MI Anaphylaxis Increases intracranial pressure Toxicological emergencies Bowel obstructions Infection Acute pancreatitis Intra-abdominal emergencies Uremia

Question 26

In a toxicological emergency, what should u attempt to identify?

Answer 26

Quantity Route Time Substance

Question 27

In toxicological emergency what potential problems should u prepare for?

Answer 27

Cardiac arrest Airway obstruction Respiratory arrest or distress Altered LOC Sudden violent behavior Hyperthermia Seizures Emesis

Question 28

What should you do if a patient is in active seizure

Answer 28

Attempt to position in recovery position Attempt to protect the patient from injury Observe for; eye deviation, incontinence, parts of body affected, type of seizure

Question 29

With seizure calls, perform a secondary survey to assess what seizure related occurrences

Answer 29

Bleeding from the mouth Incontinence Secondary injuries resulting from the seizure Tongue injury

Question 30

For seizure, prepare for what potential problems

Answer 30

airway compromise Recurrent seizure Post-ictal combativeness or agitation

Question 31

Under the chest pain standard, what life/limb/function threats should u consider

Answer 31

Acute coronary syndrome, acute MI Dissecting thoracic aorta Pneumothorax, tension pneumo... Pulmonary embolism Pericarditis

Question 32

For chest pain, what should you assess during your secondary survey

Answer 32

Chest; subcutaneous emphysema, accessory muscle use, urticaria, indrawing, shape, symmetry, tenderness Lung; decreased air entry, adventitious sounds Abdomen Neck; tracheal position, JVD Extremities; peripheral edema

Question 33

Consider what life/limb/function threats under the vaginal bleeding emergency standard

Answer 33

In post-menopausal women; tumours First trimester complications; - spontaneous abortion - ectopic pregnancy - gestational trophoblastic disease Second and third semester complication; - spontaneous abortion - Placental abruption - Placental previa - Ruptured uterus

Question 34

# ml For vaginal bleeding, asses the bleeding for what?

Answer 34

Blood loss Fetal parts Other tissues Presence of clots

Question 35

According to the BLS, anaphylaxis can affects what 5 body systems?

Answer 35

Respiratory (dyspnea, wheezing, stridor) Cardiovascular (tachycardia, hypotension/shock) Neurological (dizziness, confusion, loss of consciousness) GI (n/v, abdo cramps) Integumentary/mucosal (swelling, flushing, urticaria)

Question 36

Under the BLS Chest pain standard, what life/limb/function threats should you consider?

Answer 36

- Acute coronary syndrome/ acute MI - Dissecting thoracic aorta - Pneumothorax/tension pneumo - Respiratory disorders (pneumonia...) - Pulmonary embolism - Pericarditis

Question 37

Under the chest pain standard, what should you access during your secondary survey

Answer 37

- Chest for; subcutaneous emphysema, accessory muscle use, urticaria, indrawing, shape, symmetry, and tenderness - Lungs by auscultation - Abdomen - Neck for tracheal position and JVD - Extremities for edema

Question 38

Under the headache standard what should you access during your secondary survey?

Answer 38

- Head/neck, PEARL - CNS for abnormal motor function and sensory loss

Question 39

Under the seizure standard what potential life/limb/function threats and/or disorders should you consider?

Answer 39

1. Intercranial event 2. Hypoglycemia 3. Eclampsia 4. In pts equal to or over 50 yrs old; brain tumour, cardiac dysrhythmias, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, severe hypertension 5. In neonates; traumatic delivery, congenital disorders, prematurity, hypoglycemia 6. Febrile seizure 7. Infection (CNS infection, meningitis) 8. Alcohol withdrawal 9. Drug ingestion/withdrawal 10. known seizure disorder

Question 40

What potential problems should you prepare for under the seizure standard

Answer 40

Airway compromise Recurrent seizures Post-ictal combativeness

Question 41

Under the SOB BLS standard, what potential life/limb/function threats should you consider?

Answer 41

1. Acute respiratory disorders (Partial airway obstruction, Asthma, Anaphylaxis, Aspiration, Inhalation of toxic gases/smoke, Pneumothorax, COPD, Respiratory infections) 2. Acute cardiovascular disorders (STEMI, CHF, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism) 3. Other causes; cerebrovascular accident, toxicological effects, metabolic acidosis

Question 42

Under the SOB standard at a minimum what should you asses in your secondary

Answer 42

1. Chest 2. Head/neck; cyanosis, nasal flaring, excessive drooling, tracheal deviation, JVD 3. Extremities; cyanosis, edema

Question 43

Under the syncope/dizziness/vertigo standard, consider what potential life/limb/function threats?

Answer 43

Hypoglycemia Cardiac Dysrhythmias CVA/TIA Hypovolemia Toxicological effects Heat-related illness Anemia Renal failure Sepsis

Question 44

Under the syncope/dizziness/vertigo standard, what potential problems should you prepare for?

Answer 44

Cardiac dysrhythmias Hypotension Seizure Decreased LOC

Question 45

Under the toxicological emergency standard, carbon monoxide poisoning can be recognized by what symptoms/signs?

Answer 45

Altered mental status Cardiac dysrhythmias Emesis Headache Light-headed Nausea Seizures Syncope Weakness VSA

Question 46

Under the vaginal bleeding standard, what potential life/limb/function threats should you consider?

Answer 46

1. In post-menopausal women; tumours 2. First trimester complications (spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, gestational trophoblastic disease) 3. Second and third trimester complications (spontaneous abortion, placental abruption, placenta previa, ruptured uterus)