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All Drugs > Trauma/Glucose Drugs > Flashcards

Trauma/Glucose Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Presentation of Tranaxemic Acid

A

Ampoule of 500mg in 5ml

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2
Q

Indications of Transexamic Acid

A
  • Traumatic haemorrhage - known or suspected internal or external haemorrhage, origin within 3 hours.
  • Post partum haemorrhage - given after the administration of a uterotonic drug unless contra-indicated
  • Head injuries - 18+ with suspected head injury of GCS 12 or less, injury being within 3 hours
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3
Q

Contra-Indications of TXA

A
  • Haemorrhage outside inclusion criteria
  • Known allergy
  • Bleeding started over 3 hours ago
  • Known gastrointestinal haemorrhage
  • Obvious resolution of haemorrhage
  • PPH before the administration of uterotonic drug unless contra-indicated
  • Critical interventions required
  • Antepartum haemorrhage
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4
Q

Actions of TXA

A

An antifibrinolytic agent. It works by blocking the breakdown of blood clots, which prevents bleeding

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5
Q

Route of TXA

A

IV/IO - slow over 10 minutes
IM - only given when IV/IO cannot be gained, put into a large muscle eg deltoid. Refer to JRCALC for sites and needle sizes

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6
Q

Dose of TXA

A

Adult over 12:
INITIAL: 1g in 10ml over 10 minutes

REPEAT: None

Less than 12:
15mg per kg

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7
Q

Presentation of Sodium Chloride 0.9%

A

100ml, 250ml and 1,000ml packs

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8
Q

Indication of Fluids

A
  • Haemorrhage
  • Trauma related to haemorrhage
  • Medical conditions without haemorrhage eg sepsis
  • Burns
  • Limb crush injuries
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9
Q

Contra-Indications of Fluids

A

The sole purpose of keeping a vein open

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10
Q
A
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10
Q

Side-Effects of Fluids

A

Over-infusion may lead to pulmonary oedmea and cause breathlessness

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11
Q

Route of Fluids

A

IV/IO

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12
Q

Dose of Fluids

A

Dependant on which medical emergency is indicated eg 1L in burns, 2L in crush syndrome. See page for age

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13
Q

Different Target Systolics

A

Sepsis, medical haemorrhage - over 90
Blunt trauma, head trauma, penetrating limb trauma - 90
Penetrating torso trauma - 60
TBI - 110

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14
Q

Presentation of Co-Amoxiclav

A

Powder for solution with 1000mg/2000mg (1000 of amoxicillin and 200 of clavulanic acid)

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15
Q

Indications of Co-Amoxiclav

A

Prevention of infection following open limb fractures (humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula)

16
Q

Contra-Indications of Co-amoxiclav

A
  • Known allergy
  • Known anaphylaxis’s of cephalosporins
  • Known penicillin induced/co-amoxiclav induced jaundice or hepatic dysfunction
  • Isolated/only open fractures to hands, fingers, feet or toes
  • Pt known to be taking probenecid
  • Children less than 3 months or weighing less than 4kg
17
Q

Actions of Co-Amoxiclav

A

An antibiotic used for bacterial infecions
It contains amoxicillin (penicillin derivative) mixed with clavulanic acid. The clavulanic acid stops bacteria from breaking down

18
Q

Route of Co-Amoxiclav

A

IV/IO - slow over 3-4 minutes
Adminstered as possible, preferably within 1 hour of injuries

19
Q

Dose of Co-Amoxiclav

A

INITIAL: 1.2g in 20ml
REPEAT: None

20
Q

Presentation of Glucose 40% Oral Gel

A

Plastic tube containing 25g glucose 40% oral gel

21
Q

Indications of Glucose 40% Oral Gel

A

Known or suspected hypoglycaemia in a conscious patient where there is no risk of choking or aspiration

22
Q

Contra-Indications of Glucose 40% Oral Gel

A

None

23
Q

Actions of Glucose 40% Oral Gel

A

Rapid increase in blood glujcose levels via buccal absorbtion

24
Q

Route of Glucose 40% Oral Gel

A

Buccal

25
Q

Dose of Glucose 40% Oral Gel

A

INTIAL: 10-20g (1-2 tubes)

REPEAT: 10g after 15 minutes

MAX DOSE: No limit

26
Q

Presentation of Glucose 10%

A

500ml pack of glucose solution (looks similar to fluids)

27
Q

Indications of Glucose of 10%

A
  • Hypoglycaemia where oral administration is not possible and a rapid improvement in clinical state and BM is needed
  • An unconscious patient where hypoglycaemia is the likely cause
  • Management of hypoglycaemia in patients who have not responded to the administration of IM glucagon after 10 minutes
28
Q

Contra-Indications of Glucose 10%

A

IM or Subcutaneous Injection

29
Q

Actions of Glucose 10%

A

Reversal of hypoglycaemia by direct delivry of glucose to the systemic circulation

30
Q

Route of 10% Glucose

A

IV Only

31
Q

Dose of 10% Glucose

A

INTIAL: 10g in 100ml
REPEAT: 10g after 5 minutes
MAX DOSE: 30g (300ml)

32
Q

Presentation of Glucagon

A

Powder 1mg for reconstitution with water

33
Q

Indication of Glucagon

A
  • Hypoglycaemia validated or suspected when unconscious
  • Only given after IV glucose and/or when IV access not possible
34
Q

Contra-Indications of Glucagon

A
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Glucagon should NOT be given IV due to increased vomiting assc w/ IV use
35
Q

Actions of Glucagon

A

Glucagon is a hormone induced the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver thereby rising blood glucose

36
Q

Route of Glucagon

A

IM ONLY (thigh or upper arm)

37
Q

Dose of Glucagon

A

INTIAL: 1mg vial
REPEAT: No repeat (return back to IV glucose if failed)

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