Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

paeds 4th year > trauma : classification and types > Flashcards

trauma : classification and types Flashcards

1
Q

what is the incidence of trauma in children?

A

> 31-40% of 5-year-old boys

> 16-30% of 5-year-old girls

> 12-33% of at 12-years-old boys

> 4-19% of at 12-years-old girls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the predisposing factors for dental trauma?

A

> 2M: 1F

> Overjet

> Lip competency

> Age –peak = 2-4 years and 8-10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the causes of dental injuries in children?

A

> Simple falls

> Blow

> Cycle accidents

> Water slides / trampolines

> Sport

> Road traffic -pedestrian / passenger

> Quad motor bikes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the incidence of different tooth fractures in children?

A

> Enamel 31%

> Dentine 45%

> Pulp 5%

> Root 0.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the incidence of different displacement injuries in children?

A

> Concussed / Loose / Displaced = < 10%

> Avulsion = 0.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when carrying out a dental history or trauma what important things must you find out?

A

> history of accident and the person

> Accompanying adult/guardian

> When -If delay why?

> Where -Future litigation

> How –Direct / Indirect

> Other injuries = Head injury –headache, vomiting, amnesia, dehydration, Medical assessment indicated?

> Lost teeth or fragments = Chest X-Ray, Soft tissues

> History of previous trauma?

> Age of child = state of eruption, previous position of teeth

> Fasting?

> Previous dental experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when carrying out a medical history what important things must you find out?

A

> Cardiac

> Bleeding disorders

> Allergies –Penicillin

> HIV, Hepatitis

> Tetanus vaccination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

when carrying out an extra oral exam of a child with trauma what are the key things to check for?

A

> Swellings

> Asymmetry

> Bones-zygoma (eye signs), mandible (ROM)

> Skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when carrying out an intraoral examination on a child with trauma what are the key things to check?

A

> Soft Tissues = Lacerations, Haematoma

> Hard Tissues = Supporting structures, Haematoma, tenderness, deformity, opening

> Teeth = Fractures, displacements, number, occlusion, mobility, TTP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the ellis trauma classification 1-7?

A
  1. Enamel fracture
  2. Enamel and dentine fracture
  3. Pulpal exposure
  4. Non-vital
  5. Avulsion
  6. Root-fracture
  7. Displacement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does the WHO classify as dental trauma?

A

> injuries to the hard dental tissues and the pulp

> Injuries to the periodontal tissues

> Injuries to supporting bone

> Injuries to the skin, gingiva or oral mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what classifies as injuries to hard dental tissues and pulp?

A

> infraction

> enamel fracture

> enamel dentine fracture - uncomplicated crown fracture

> enamel dentine fracture - complicated crown fracture

> uncomplicated crown root fracture

> complicated crown root fracture

> root fracture

> displaced root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is infraction? and how do you diagnose?

A

> incomplete crack of enamel - no loss of tooth substance

> diagnosis = trans illumination may be useful |(bright light)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is an enamel fracture? and how do you diagnose?

A

> loss of tooth substance confined to enamel

> diagnosis = visual examination, normal mobility, not ttp, sensibility test - positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is an enamel dentine fracture - uncomplicated crown fracture ? and how do you diagnose?

A

> loss of tooth substance confined to enamel and dentine, not involving the pulp

> diagnosis = visual examination, normal mobility, not ttp, sensibility test - positive but may have transient negative response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is an enamel dentine fracture - uncomplicated crown fracture? and how do you diagnose?

A

> fracture of enamel and dentine, exposing the pulp

> diagnosis - visual examination, normal mobility, not ttp, sensibility test - usually positive, lack of response initially indicate increased chance of pulp necrosis

17
Q

what is an uncomplicated crown root fracture?

A

> fracture of enamel, denote and cementum, but not involving the pulp

18
Q

what is a complicated crown root fracture?

A

> fracture of enamel, dentine and cementum, exposing the pulp

19
Q

how do you diagnose uncomplicated and complicated crown root fractures?

A

> visual - crown fracture extending below the gingiva margin

> tender to percuss

> coronal fragment mobile

20
Q

what is a root fracture?

A

> involve dentine, cementum and pulp

> can be apical (most common) , middle (2nd) or coronal third

> can be displaced or undisplaced

21
Q

how do you diagnose displaced root fracture?

A

> Visual examination - Coronal fragment may be mobile
and possibly displaced

> Tooth may be tender to percuss

> Sensibility test–often negative

22
Q

what classifies as injuries to the periodontal tissue?

A

> concussion

> subluxation

> extrusive luxation

> lateral luxation

> intrusion

> avulsion

23
Q

what is concussion? and how do you diagnose it?

A

> no abnormal loosing or displacement but TTP

> diagnosis = visual – undisplaced, No increased mobility, Tender to touch, Usually positive sensibility test, No radiographic abnormalities

24
Q

what is subluxation? and how is it diagnosed?

A

> tooth has increased mobility but no displacement

> diagnosis = Visual - no displacement, Increased mobility, Tender to percuss, Sensibility may be negative, No abnormal radiological findings

25
Q

what is extrusive luxation? and how do you diagnose?

A

> partial displacement of the tooth from the socket

> diagnosis = Tooth appears elongated, Tender to percuss, Significant increased mobility, Often negative sensibility test, Radiograph – Tooth appears displaced,
apical portion of socket empty

26
Q

what is lateral luxation? and how do you diagnose?

A

> displacement other than axially

> Along with comminution or fracture of alveolar plate

> diagnosis = Displaced usually palatally or labially, Percussion test may give a high sound, No mobility, Often negative sensibility test, Radiograph – Widened PDL space

27
Q

what is intrusion? and how do you diagnose?

A

> displacement into bone, with communication or fracture of the alveolar plate

> diagnosis = Tooth is displaced axially up into the bone with no mobility, Percussion gives a high metallic tone, Sensibility – usually negative, Radiographs = tooth appears displaced, obliteration of pdl space

28
Q

what is avulsion and how do you diagnose?

A

> complete displacement of the tooth from socket

> diagnosis = visual (no tooth present), check not severe intrusion

29
Q

what classifies as injuries to supporting bones?

A

> Comminution / fracture of alveolar socket wall

> Fracture of mandibular or maxillary alveolar process

> Fracture of mandible or maxilla

30
Q

what classifies as injuries to the skin, gingiva or oral mucosa?

A

> laceration

> contusion

> abrasion

31
Q

what is a laceration?

A

> wound resulting from a tear

> check for through and through lacerations

> explore for missing fragments (broken teeth)

> degloved lacerations - degloved gingiva = rolled appearance

32
Q

what is contusion ?

A

> bruise, no break in mucosa

> usually submucosal haemorrhage

33
Q

what is abrasion?

A

> superficial wound produced by scraping or rubbing of surface

34
Q

what baseline investigations are important to carry out on teeth after your examinations?

A

> Position

> Colour

> Mobility

> Percussion

> Sensibility
– Thermal – Electrical

(Include adjacent teeth)

35
Q

what radiographic investigations would you take for a child with trauma?

A

> Periapicals

> Anterior occlusal

> DPT

> E/O views as indicated

> Soft tissue view if missing fragments + laceration

> Clinical Photographs

36
Q

when would you consider it a non accidental injury?

A

> Delay in presentation

> inconsistent or changing history

> Other bruising (different ages)

> Torn labial frenum

> Burns

> Bitemarks

> Relationship with parents

37
Q

what should you record when a patient comes in with trauma ?

A

> a dental trauma review

> helps with treatment of patient

38
Q

what is a way of preventing trauma in children?

A

> mouthguard for contact sports

> custom fit or sports shop alternatives

> Fully extended and occlusal accommodated
Sufficient thickness in critical areas
Crowns, alveolus and roots and soft tissues protected > Retentive and comfortable

paeds 4th year (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions