Trauma Flashcards
What is a nasal septal haematoma?
Collection of blood within the nasal septum, causing disruption of blood supply to the cartilage of the septum
List some complications of nasal fractures
Epistaxis
CSF leaking
Meningitis
Anosmia if cribriform plate fracture
Outline management for epistaxis
Resus if necessary Slow flow: ice, pressure, topical vasoconstrictor Remove clot: suction Rhinoscopy Cautery
CSF leaks usually settle spontaneously. True/False?
True
Repair if unresolved after 10 days
What are the 3 main ear traumas?
Pinna haematoma
Laceration
Temporal bone fracture
Outline treatment for pinna haematoma
Aspiration/drainage
Pressure dressing
List associated symptoms + signs with temporal bone fractures
Hearing loss Facial palsy Vertigo CSF leak Bruising (battle sign)
How are temporal bone fractures classified?
Transverse (Otic capsule -involved)
Longitudinal (Otic capsule -sparing)
The majority of temporal bone fractures are what - longitudinal or transverse?
Longitudinal (80%) from lateral blows
Conductive hearing loss is more closely assoc. with which temporal bone fracture - longitudinal or transverse?
Longitudinal
Sensorineural hearing loss is more closely assoc. with which temporal bone fracture - longitudinal or transverse?
Transverse
Describe a Le Fort 1 fracture
Horizontal
Passes along teeth apices
Describe a Le Fort 2 fracture
Pyramidal
Nasal bridge, frontal processes of maxilla, lacrimal bone, inferior orbital floor, zygoma, pterygoid plates
Describe a Le Fort 3 fracture
Transverse
Dysjunction between neuro + viscero -cranium
Sate the characteristic sign of maxillary fracture
Tear drop sign on CT of sinuses
