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Y2 ENT > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Which germ layer gives rise to the musculature of the face and neck?

A

Mesoderm

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2
Q

During which weeks do the pharyngeal arches develop?

A

Week 4-5

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3
Q

What does each pharyngeal arch consist of?

A

Core of mesenchyme assoc. with pharyngeal clefts + pouches
Neural crest cells
Cranial nerve
Artery

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4
Q

The pharyngeal clefts externally/internally separate the pharyngeal arches (form ectoderm/endoderm lining)

A

The pharyngeal clefts externally separate the pharyngeal pouches (form ectoderm lining)

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5
Q

The pharyngeal pouches externally/internally separate the pharyngeal arches (form ectoderm/endoderm lining)

A

The pharyngeal pouches internally separate the pharyngeal arches (form endoderm lining)

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6
Q

There are 5 pharyngeal arches. The 5th pharyngeal arch does not develop in humans. True/False?

A

True
Arch 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 exist only
(that’s how fcked up embryology is)

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7
Q

Which cranial nerve is assoc. with pharyngeal arch 1?

A

CN V

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8
Q

Which cranial nerve is assoc. with pharyngeal arch 2?

A

CN VII

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9
Q

Which cranial nerve is assoc. with pharyngeal arch 3?

A

CN IX

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10
Q

Which cranial nerve is assoc. with pharyngeal arch 4?

A

CN X (superior laryngeal branch)

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11
Q

Which cranial nerve is assoc. with pharyngeal arch 6?

A

CN X (recurrent laryngeal branch)

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12
Q

What skeletal components are assoc. with pharyngeal arch 1?

A

Maxillary: maxilla, zygoma, temporal bone
Mandibulary: mandible, Meckel’s cartilage, incus, malleus

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13
Q

What skeletal components are assoc. with pharyngeal arch 2?

A

Stapes
Styloid process of temporal bone
Stylohyoid ligament
Lesser horn + upper hyoid

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14
Q

What skeletal components are assoc. with pharyngeal arch 3?

A

Greater horn + lower hyoid

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15
Q

What skeletal components are assoc. with pharyngeal arches 4 + 6?

A

Laryngeal cartilages

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16
Q

What muscles are assoc. with pharyngeal arch 1?

A

Muscles of mastication
Mylohyoid
Tensor tympani
Tensor palatini

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17
Q

What muscles are assoc. with pharyngeal arch 2?

A

Muscles of facial expression
Stapedius
Stylohyoid

18
Q

What muscles are assoc. with pharyngeal arch 3?

A

Stylopharyngeus

19
Q

What muscles are assoc. with pharyngeal arch 4?

A

Cricothyroid
Levator palatine
Pharyngeal constrictors

20
Q

What muscles are assoc. with pharyngeal arch 6?

A

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles

21
Q

Which pharyngeal cleft does the external auditory meatus develop from?

A

Cleft 1

22
Q

What happens to the 2nd-4th pharyngeal clefts?

A

Usually disappear; lose contact and form cervical sinus

23
Q

What does the 1st pharyngeal pouch develop into?

A

Middle ear cavity
Eustachian tube
(ultimately tympanic membrane)

24
Q

What does the 2nd pharyngeal pouch develop into?

A

Palatine tonsil

25
Q

What does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch develop into?

A

Inferior parathyroid gland

Thymus

26
Q

What does the 4th pharyngeal pouch develop into?

A

Superior parathyroid gland

Ultimobranchial body

27
Q

What are otic placodes?

A

Thickening/invagination of ectoderm at back of embryo

28
Q

What are otic vesicles?

A

Endocytosed otic placode that gives rise to inner ear

i.e. otic placode - otic pit - otic vesicle

29
Q

What 3 regions develop as part of the otic vesicle?

A 
Endolymphatic duct sac
Utricular portion (forms semicircular canals)
Saccular portion (forms cochlea)
30
Q

List the 5 facial swellings present from week 4

A

Frontonasal prominence
2x maxillary prominences
2x mandibular prominences

31
Q

What is the stomodeum?

A

Site of the future mouth

32
Q

List the nasal swellings that develop on the frontonasal prominence in week 5

A

2x medial nasal swellings

2x lateral nasal swellings

33
Q

What grows in the groove between the eye and the lateral nasal swelling?

A

Nasolacrimal duct

34
Q

What nasal features develop from the frontonasal prominence?

A

Bridge

Bony septum

35
Q

What nasal features develop from the medial nasal prominences?

A

Crest + tip of nose

36
Q

What nasal features develop from the lateral nasal prominences?

A

Alae (sides of nostrils)

37
Q

What does the primary palate form from?

A

Intermaxillary segment (formed by fusion of 2 medial nasal prominences)

38
Q

What does the labial portion of the intermaxillary segment give rise to?

A

Philtrum of upper lip

39
Q

What does the upper jaw component of the intermaxillary segment give rise to?

A

Carries 4 incisors

40
Q

What does the secondary palate form from?

A

Palatine shelves that grow downwards from maxillary prominences

41
Q

Is cleft palate more common in females or males? Cleft palate is failure of fusion of primary/ secondary palate

A

Females

Failure of fusion of secondary palate

42
Q

Is cleft lip more common in females or males?

Cleft lip is failure of fusion of primary/ secondary palate

A

Males

Failure of fusion of primary palate

Y2 ENT (12 decks)

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