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Ophthalmology > Trauma > Flashcards

Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

What is an orbital blow out fracture?

A

Fracture of the floor of the orbit

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2
Q

How does on orbital blow out fracture present?

A

History of blunt trauma

Pain, bruising, oedema

Pain on upgaze

Diplopia

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3
Q

What investigations can be done for an orbital blow out fracture and what would show?

A

CT

Tear drop sign (fat content spills into maxillary sinus)

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4
Q

How would a globe rupture present?

A

History of severe trauma

Boggy, oedematous appearance

Severe subconjunctival haemorrhage

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5
Q

What would onset of flashes/floaters and visual loss after trauma suggest?

A

Retinal detachment

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6
Q

What is commotio retinae?

A

Bruised retina

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7
Q

What do multiple vertical linear scratches on the eye suggest?

How would you manage this?

A

Subtarsal foreign body

Removal with slip-lamp

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8
Q

How would you manage a corneal foreign body?

A

Remove
Prophylactic chloramphenicol
Review a few days later (residual metal can form problematic ‘rust ring’)

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9
Q

What is the investigation of choice in suspected intra-ocular foreign body?

A

X-ray

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10
Q

What is and can cause hymphema?

With a penetrative history, what is the management of choice?

A

Blood in the anterior chamber

Surgery

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11
Q

What is sympathetic ophthalmia?

A

Bilateral granulomatous uveitis caused by unilateral trauma

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12
Q

What is the pathophysiology of sympathetic ophthalmia?

A

Poorly understood but thought to be related to immune privilege

Inflammatory T-cells activated by trauma to exciting eye act on both the exciting and sympathising eye

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13
Q

What is the general management of ocular chemical burns?

A

Quick history

Check pH

Urgent irrigation with minimum 2l until pH normal

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14
Q

What are the signs of alkaline ocular burns?

A

China white sclera (limbal ischaemia)

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15
Q

What are the signs of acidic ocular burns?

A

Opaque corneal scarring (opacity within cornea)

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16
Q

What chemicals should be physically removed rather than irrigated?

A

Quicklime/limestone

Cement

17
Q

What is retinal detachment?

A

Mechanical separation of retina from the retinal pigment epithelium

18
Q

What can cause retinal detachment?

A

Trauma

Spontaneous (common in myopes)

19
Q

How does retinal detachment present?

A

Sudden painless loss of vision

Sudden osnet of

  • flashes (mechanical stimulation of retina)
  • floaters (proteins spill into vitreous fluid)

RAPD

20
Q

What would you expect to see on fundoscopy in retinal detachment?

A

Wrinkles retina

Torn retina

21
Q

How is retinal detachment managed?

A

Surgically

22
Q

What indicated urgent management of a retinal tear?

A

Macular sparing

Urgent surgery to preserve the macula

Ophthalmology (10 decks)

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