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Ophthalmology > Infection/Inflammation > Flashcards

Infection/Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What is conjunctivitis?

A

Inflammation of conjunctiva (layer covering sclera and inner eyelids)

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2
Q

How does conjunctivitis present?

A

Red eye
Discharge
Foreign body sensation

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3
Q

What does a red eye with a sticky discharge suggest?

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis

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4
Q

What does a red eye with a watery discharge suggest?

A

Viral conjunctivitis

if itch present, allergic conjunctivitis

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5
Q

What does a red eye with watery, itchy discharge suggest?

A

Allergic conjunctivitis

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6
Q

What is papillary conjunctivitis and what does it suggest?

A

Conjunctivitis forming small red dots on inner surface of eye lids

Bacterial conjuncitivits

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7
Q

What is follicular conjunctivitis and what does it suggest?

A

Conjunctivitis forming avascular white nodules on eyelid

Viral/chlamydial conjuncitvitis

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8
Q

What organisms commonly cause bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Staph. aureus
Strep. pneumoniae
H. influenzae

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9
Q

What is the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Chloramphenicol

Gentamicin if pseudomonas

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10
Q

What does follicular conjunctivitis with scarring suggest?

A

Chlamydial conjuncitvitis

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11
Q

What would make you consider chlamydial conjunctivitis?

A

Persistent conjunctivitis unresponsive to treatment

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12
Q

What is the management of chlamydial conjunctivitis?

A

Topical oxytetracycline

Full STI work up

Oral azithromycin if genital chlamydia infection

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13
Q

What is keratitis?

A

Inflammation of the cornea (transparant layer covering the anterior chamber)

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14
Q

How does keratitis present?

A 
Sharp pain
Photophobia
Red, watery eye
Hypopyon (bacterial)
Dendritic ulcer (herpes)
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15
Q

What can cause keratitis?

A

Infection (bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic)

Systemic disease (RA, Graves disease, Sjogren’s syndrome)

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16
Q

How is bacterial keratitis managed?

A

Hospital admission

Hourly antibiotic drops (olfaxacin and gentamicin-cefuroxime)

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17
Q

What treatment should not be used if a dendritic ulcer is present and why?

A

Steroids

Risks corneal melt and perforation

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18
Q

How is herpetic keratitis managed?

A

Aciclovir ointment (5 times daily)

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19
Q

Patient presents with a sharp pain in his eye with is red a week after suffering a URTI.

What is the diagnosis?

A

Adenoviral keratitis

20
Q

Who is predisposed to developing fungal keratitis?

A

Africans

Immunocompromised

21
Q

What parasite can cause keratitis with inappropriate contact lens wear?

A

Acanthamoeba keratitis

22
Q

What treatment will show corneal abrasion?

A

Fluorescein stain

23
Q

What inflammatory eye condition is associated with systemic conditions?

Name 3

A

Anterior uveitis

Ankylosing spondylitis (HLA-B27)
Inflammatory bowel disease
Sarcoidosis
24
Q

What is anterior uveitis?

A

Inflammation of the iris and anterior chamber

25
Q

How does anterior uveitis present?

A

Eye pain

Red eye (circumcorneal and injection)

Photophobia

Cells/flare in anterior chamber

Hypopyon

26
Q

How is anterior uveitis managed?

A

Hourly topical steroids

Twice daily mydriatic

27
Q

What is anterior blepharitis?

A

Inflammation of eyelid causing a red lid margin

28
Q

What is posterior blepharitis?

A

Inflammation of meibonian gland causing chalazia (cyst) formation under eyelids

29
Q

What are the two classes of anterior blepharitis and how do they differ?

A

Seborrhoeic
- basically seborrhoeic dermatitis of eyelids (causes red lid margin with scaling but no eyelash dysfunction)

Staphylococcal
- staph infection of eyelash follicle (causes red lid margin with styes and dysfunctional eyelash growth)

30
Q

What condition is posterior blepharitis strongly associated with?

A

Rosacea

31
Q

What is chorioretinitis?

A

Inflammation of choroid and retina

32
Q

What can cause chorioretinitis?

A

Toxoplasma
Toxocariasis
Cytomegalovirus

33
Q

What is cytomegalovirus chorioretinitis associated with?

A

AIDS

34
Q

What is endopthalmitis?

A

Sight threatening and potentially devastating infection of the inner eye

35
Q

How does endopthalmitis present?

A

Severe pain
Very red eye
Decreasing vision

36
Q

How is endopthalmitis managed?

A

Intravitreal antibiotics (amikacin, cefatazidime, vancomycin)

37
Q

What is episcleritis?

A

Non-serious inflammation of the episclera (layer between sclera and conjunctiva)

38
Q

What is the management of episcleritis?

A

Nothing

self-limiting condition

39
Q

What is scleritis?

A

Inflammation of the sclera

40
Q

How does scleritis present?

A

Severe eye pain

Violaceous vessel injection

41
Q

How is scleritis managed?

A

Oral NSAIDs and steroids

42
Q

What is orbital cellulitis?

A

Infection of tissues around the orbital septum (membranous sheet preventing spread of infection into orbit)

43
Q

How does orbital cellulitis present?

A

Erythema and oedema around the orbit

Pain on eye movements

44
Q

How is orbital cellulitis managed?

A
  1. MRI to assess whether pre/post septal cellulitis and source of infection (e.g. ethmoid sinus or chalazion)
  2. Broad spectrum antibiotics
  3. Drain any abscesses
45
Q

What are the two classifications of orbital cellulitis?

Which of these is more serious?

A

Pre-septal (infection anterior to orbital septum)

Post-septal (infection posterior to orbital septum)

Post-septal is much more serious as it is sight threatening

46
Q

What eye condition is often assosiated with rheumatoid arthritis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)?

A

Scleritis

Ophthalmology (10 decks)

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