Trauma Flashcards
What is a pneumothorax?
Accumulation of air in the pleural space
What are the types of pneumothorax?
- Simple
- Open
- Spontaneous
- Tension
What is a hemothorax?
Accumulation of blood in the pleural space
What defines a massive hemothorax?
> 1,500 mL blood
What is pericardial tamponade?
Compression of the heart due to fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac
What are common signs and symptoms (S/S) of chest trauma?
- Chest pain
- Dyspnea
- Visible injury to the chest
- ALOC
- Shock
- Death
What are specific symptoms of pneumothorax?
- Localized decreased or absent breath sounds
- Decreasing breath compliance
- Hyperresonance
- Unilateral chest rise
- Decreasing LOC
- Low SpO2/cyanosis
- JVD
- Tracheal deviation
What can progressive tension pneumothorax lead to?
- ALOC/unresponsive
- Hypotension
- Obstructive shock
- Cardiac arrest
- PEA
What is Beck’s Triad?
- JVD
- Muffled heart sounds
- Hypotension
What history is associated with chest trauma?
- Blunt or penetrating trauma to the chest
- Suspicious or high MOI
What are some signs of flail segment?
- Broken ribs
- Penetrating chest trauma/sucking chest wound
What symptoms indicate hypovolemic shock?
- Hypotension
- Low SpO2/Cyanosis
- Poor BVM compliance
- ALOC/unresponsive
- Narrowing pulse pressure
- Paradoxical pulse
What are the treatments for pneumothorax?
- Keep SpO2 >94%
- Establish vascular access (2x18G IV)
- 12 Lead ECG
- Consider advanced airway
- Open pneumo: 3-sided occlusive dressing
- Prepare to assist ventilations
- Monitor for tension
What is the treatment for hemothorax?
- Prepare to assist ventilations
- IV fluid therapy to maintain MAP of 65 mmHg/end organ perfusion
- ALS (needle decompression)
- Monitor for pneumothorax
What is a cardiac contusion?
Injury to the heart muscle from blunt force trauma
What are signs and symptoms of cardiac contusion?
- Injury to anterior left chest
- Possible irregular pulse
- Possible JVD
- 12 Lead ECG may show damage to the right ventricle
- PVCs on 12 Lead
What is the treatment for cardiac contusion?
- Monitor 12 Lead
- Treat any associated thoracic injuries
- IV fluid therapy to maintain MAP of 65 mmHg/end organ perfusion
Fill in the blank: A tension pneumothorax can progress to _______.
Obstructive shock
True or False: A spontaneous pneumothorax is caused by a congenital defect.
True
5 phases
Vechile collision
Body collision
OrgN collision
Secondary collision like debris’s
Additional impacts like rolls overs
Car and predestined
Intiaal impact bumper to legs
Hood/windshield strike torso / head
Ground impact
Peds
Adults
Head and abdo
Femur fractures and head trauma
Falls heights for Botha adults and peds
3x time the height for adults
2x time the the height for peds
