Adversive environments Flashcards
Where does most heat production come from?
Deep organs like the liver brain, heart, and skeletal muscles during activity
What part of the brain is considered the thermostat
Hypothalamus
does dehydration interfere with thermal regulation
Yes
What is passive cooling?
Removing the patient from the hot environment
Removal of clothing
Use of ac
Gentle Fanning
What is active cooling?
Applying anything internal or external to the body
Like temp water
Ice packs
What are the two times we stop active cooling
If the patient starts to shiver
When they hit 38°C
Do we ever place ice directly on skin?
No
Heat muscle cramps
Caused by overexertion and dehydration, in the presence of high temps
Decrease water and electrical lights through sweating lead to a decrease in sodium that causes the cramps
Signs and symptoms include crabs and fingers, arms, legs, a domino
Parasthesia
Normal body temperature
Skin warm, moist and pale
Weekness, dizziness, fainting
Nausea, vomiting
Treatments
Passive cooling
Supine
Salty, snack/electrolyte drink
Heat syncope
Standing up in a hot of iron mint for too long, that makes a drop in your blood pressure it’s peripheral vasodilation
Heat exhaustion
2 types
Type one is water, depleted, not enough water to replace the physical exertion in the heart of Ireland
Type two is sodium Depleted decrease sodium from sweating may take hours or days
Signs and symptoms in our increase temperature, but lower than 40° C
Cool clammy skin
Headache
Possible, disorientation/altered LLCs
Fatigue, nausea vomiting, Abdo cramps
Low end, title CO2
Can have high or low blood pressure
Treatments are get patient out of hot environment. Passive cooling IV. Look for underlying condition.
Heat stroke
Temperature over 40°
Hot dry skin
Altered mental status
Other symptoms include hypo, bulimic, shock, dehydration, dry, mucous membranes, decrease skin, turgor, impossible, seizures this could be fatal
Treatments include all of the same plus active cooling
Hypothermia ranges
Normal, mid, moderate severe
Normal is 36.5 to 37.5
Mild is 32 to 35
Moderate is 28 to 32
Severe is anything under 28
Mild hypo
Lethargic, shivering lack of coordination, high BP, high heart rate high respiratory rate
Mod hypo
No, shivering
Altered LLCs
Muscle rigidity
Decrease heart rate
Decrease blood pressure
Serve hypo
Coma
Fix dilated
No, shivering
Decrease heart rate with
Decrease blood pressure
Cardiac arrest
Do we use active or passive rewarming for moderate to severe hypothermia?
Active
What is passive rewarming?
Removing the patient from the cold environment
No rough handling
Removing wet and cold
Cranking up the heat
And covering the patient with a blanket
What is active rewarming?
Warming up the patient externally and eternally
For mild allow the patient to drink, warm, sweet fluids
For severe pack heat packs to truncal areas
Rewarming shock
Happens when vasoconstriction in the extremities due to the cold buildup of metabolic acid, and the rewarming to fast equals peripheral reflects vasodilation, a.k.a. pushing the cold bad blood to the core
Hypothermic cardiac arrest
Remove patient from
CPR in airway
Pads and defibrillation
Max three shocks
Remove patient wet clothes
Online medical control
Patient is not dead until it’s warm and dad
Prolong ed resucitiation is expected
What is the maximum amount of sharks we can do in a hypothermic arrest?
3 shocks
Frostbite
Superficial
Deep frostbite
Superficial is freezing of the epidermal tissue, redness, followed by demolished sensation
First-degree is frostnip with white waxy
Second-degree is swelling and blisters
Deep frostbite is freezing of the epidermidis and subcutaneous it will be white, yellow malted, blue white cold, firm, 0 sensation, sighing equals painful and purple risk of gangrene and amputation
Treatment for superficial
Remove from cold environment
Rewarm with body temperature like armpit
Don’t warm with dry radiant heat
Don’t massage/rub
Blisters equals dry, sterile dressing, separate toes and fingers, and elevate the limb to reduce swelling
Deep, frostbite treatment
Don’t saw they do it at the hospital
Don’t use direct heat
Bandage extremities for protection
Rapid transport
Don’t allow it to thaw and refreeze keep it frozen
