Trauma Flashcards
What does A stand for in ABCDE (for trauma).
Airways. Anaesthetist. Axial Spine Control.
What does B stand for in ABCDE (for trauma).
Breathing (ventilation). Oxygen.
What does C stand for in ABCDE (for trauma).
Circulation. Haemorrhage control.
State a type of cuffed oro-endotracheal tube (COETT) used.
Orotracheal airway. Nasotracheal airway. Combitube.
State a type of surgical airway.
Cricothyroidotomy - incision made through skin to establish. Tracheostomy.
State a symptom of airway obstruction (laryngeal injury).
Hoarseness. Subcutaneous emphysema.
State a treatment of airway obstruction.
Intubate cautiously. Tracheostomy.
State a feature of a tension pneumothorax.
Respiratory distress. Distended neck veins. Unilateral breath sounds. Falling blood pressure. Hyperresonance (due to overinflation of lung). Displace trachea. Cyanosis.
State a feature of cardiac tamponade.
Reduced arterial pressure. Reduced ventricular filling. Distended neck veins. Muffled heart sounds. Pulseless electrical activity.
State a treatment of a cardiac tamponade.
Pericardiocentesis - doctor drains fluid from the pericardial sac.
Thoracotomy (more invasion) - to drain blood/remove blood clots if you have penetrating wound.
Define a cardiac tamponade.
When extra fluid builds up in the space around the heart.
State 2 causes of a cardiogenic shock.
Haemorrhagic (blood loss). Non-haemorrhagic (tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic).
State how to recognise a shock.
Anxiety. Hypotension. Cold. Tachypnea/shallow respirations. Tachycardia. Reduced urinary output.
State the 4 stages to circulation/haemorrhagic control.
Identify the site of the bleed. Stop the bleeding. Replace volume +/- RBC. Volume replacement.
State 2 examinations under Disability.
Primary state examination (5P’s). Glasglow coma score.
State the 5P’s.
Pernicketiness (Glasglow Coma Score). Pupils (papilloedema) - optic disc swelling due to increased intracranial pressure. Plantars (heel pain). Power. Protruded tongue.
Define the elements of a Glasglow Coma Score.
Eyes. Voice. Movement.
State an aspect of exposure.
Temperature.
Give an example of how to warm the patient.
Warm environment. Warm fluids. Blankets. Warming devices.
What does the Primary Survey involve?
Airways. Breathing. Circulation. Disability. Exposure.
What does the Secondary Survey involve?
Allergies. Medications. Past medical history. Last meal. Events (mechanism of injury).
