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Surgical Procedures > Trauma > Flashcards

Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

What abdominal organ is commonly injured during penetrating trauma

A

Liver

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2
Q

Leading cause of death between the ages of 1 and 45 and the third leading cause of death in all age groups:

A

Trauma

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3
Q

What factor is very important during a true surgical emergency to a successful outcome for the patient?

A

Teamwork

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4
Q

Although the ability to respond quickly to the demand of surgery is important, so is important

A

Accuracy

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5
Q

The pivot point of team efforts in an emergency

A

Communication

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6
Q

ATLS is

A

Advanced Trauma Life Support.

Is a program established by the America College of Surgeons for protocols and training in trauma medicine.

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7
Q

Treatment pathways in trauma medicine

A

Algorithms

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8
Q

Subnormal core temperature for an extended period of time is knows as

A

Hypothermia

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9
Q

Lower than normal blood Ph is

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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10
Q

Vascular failure caused by prolonged, severe blood loss, is the most common cause of mortality in trauma

A

Hemorrhagic shock

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11
Q

The compensatory mechanism in acute injury can lead to the condition called

A

Compartment syndrome

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12
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Tissue swelling within within a closed area such as muscle bundles or the abdomen

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13
Q

Process of restoring physiological balance in injury

A

Resuscitation

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14
Q

The secondary survey is also known as

A

Hospital care. Performed once the patient is stable enough to move

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15
Q

Consent for invasive procedures, including emergency surgery, is obtained from the patient if he or she is able, or from ________________, according to hospital policy.

A

Responsible individuals

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16
Q

The second leading cause of mortality in the United States

A

Firearms

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17
Q

When passing any instruments that will come in contact with a bullet, fragments, shrapnel, or other ballistic items, the surgical tech should ensure that

A

The tips of the instruments are protected with rubber shod or completely covered with a sponge. Markings on the fragment of bullet may not be visible without magnification but are nevertheless present on all weapons.

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18
Q

One goal of damage control surgery is to focus solely on lifesaving maneuvers, including all of the following except:

  • control of feeding
    -control of hemorrhage
    -control of fecal spillage
    Relief of compartment syndrome
A

Control of feeding

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19
Q

If the patient is stabilized in 12 to 48 hours, he or she can then be returned to surgery for a:

A

Definitive procedure

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20
Q

All healthcare facilities surgical departments prepare emergency case carts in preparation for specific emergencies likely to arrive for treatment. These include basic setups for:

A

Craniotomy
Caesarean section
Abdominal aneurysm

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21
Q

To avoid having instruments sets opened but not used, specialty instruments can be placed on

A

A cart outside the OR In the sterile core.

22
Q

What is often needed during trauma surgery used to flush and clean the wound of tissue debris and foreign objects

A

Copious amounts of irrigation solution.

23
Q

Thrombin-based tissue sealant are used only if

A

There is no coagulopathy present because these depend on an intact coagulation response.

24
Q

Postoperative serosanguinous pooling is controlled with

A

Wound drains

25
Q

The real potential for extending the patients injuries exists during:

A

Moving and handling

26
Q

Normothermia is maintaining core body temperature

A

As close to normal as possible.

Maintaining the patient’s core temperature as close to normal as possible is a major goal of emergency treatment.

27
Q

In severe emergency when the patient looks disoriented and scared, it is important to provide some mesure of

A

Emotional confort for the patient.

28
Q

What may be suspended in the OR during life-threatening situations.

A

Standardized count

29
Q

The term “up” means what during an emergency case?

A

On the Mayo ready to use

30
Q

Pressure on the heart causing restriction and damage to the conduction system:

A

Cardiac Tamponade

31
Q

Injury that results in air in the pleural space causing displacement or collapse of the respiratory structures

A

Pneumothorax

32
Q

Bruising

A

Contusion

33
Q

Trauma that results in deep tissue injury without rupture of the skin

A

Blunt Injury

34
Q

A protocol of ATLS in which ultrasound is used in a focus area to diagnose severe trauma

A

Fast

35
Q

Condition in which the body’s normal blood clotting mechanism ceases to function; characteristic in severe multitrauma

A

Coagulopathy

36
Q

Tearing of the atria or ventricles as a result of trauma

A

Cardiac rupture

37
Q

Evidence-based diagnosis of a medical problem using normal investigative procedures, such as imaging studies

A

Definitive Diagnosis

38
Q

A type of shock characterized by vascular failure resulting from severe bleeding

A

Hemorrhagic shock

39
Q

Hemorrhage with the potential to deplete the patients total blood volume

A

Exsanguinating

40
Q

Surgery whose objetive is to stop hemorrhage and prevent sepsis without attempting reconstruction or anatomical continuity

A

Damage control surgery

41
Q

Increased pressure in any compartment of the body

A

Compartment syndrome

42
Q

A planned surgical procedure, usually with specific objetives for reconstruction or restoring continuity of anatomical structures

A

Definitive procedure

43
Q

What suture size would be needed in trauma surgery?

A
  • nonabsorbent
  • Size 0 would be needed in the event of major blood vessel damage.
  • 2-0 and 3-0 are adequate for smaller branching and peripheral vessel.
  • it is best to have two sizes of tapered curved needle available for suture ligatures because these can be used on blood vessel and vascular bundles that might be encountered in deep tissue layer.
44
Q

Abdominal, pelvic, and other soft tissue trauma may requiere suction drainage by one or more drain system such as

A

Hemovac, Jackson-Pratt

Or negative-pressure wound therapy system (NPWT) like wound V.A.C.

45
Q

In the stable patient, diagnosis of abdominal injury is performed mainly by

A 
Computer tomography (Ct)
Or focused assessment with ultrasound for trauma  (FAST)
46
Q

What DPL stands for

A

Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage

47
Q

Damage control laparotomy with stage procedure

A

Exploratory process in which the sources of hemorrhage are found and controlled

48
Q

What clamp should be available for all emergency laparotomies?

A

Vascular Clamps

49
Q

Open Thoracotomy may be performed in the emergency department to evacuate

A

A Cardiac Tamponade or to control hemorrhage of the heart, lung, or large vessels, including the aorta.

50
Q

Type of sutures for myocardium and great vessels

A

2-0 and 3-0 prolene (non absorbable)

51
Q

Common method for sealing the chest wall

A

Petroleum gauze over a wound.

Surgical Procedures (5 decks)

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