Cardiac and thoracic surgery Flashcards
Who initiates the cardiac cycle and is the hearts pacemaker.
The Sinoatrial node (SA)
The heart is contained within a closed cavity called the
Mediastinum
The Sinoatrial SA node initiates the cardiac cycle and is sometimes called the heart’s
Pacemaker
Fibrillation is
Uncoordinated muscular activity in the heart muscle, which results in “quivering” rather than pumping action
Chaotic, disorganized stimulation of one or both ventricles that does not pump the blood is called
Ventricular fibrillation.
Demonstrates the movement of blood through the valves and can be used to measure the ejection fraction and end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes.
Ventricular Angiography
The coronary artery is opened with a #11 knife blade (or beaver blade) and the incision is extended with
Potts coronary scissors
Reduced blood supply to tissue, which may be a result of obstruction within the blood vessels or external pressure, which acts as a tourniquet.
Ischemia
A pacemaker is a device that produces electrical impulses that stimulates the heart. This process is called?
Pacing the heart
Bradycardia is
Heart rate below 40 to 60 beats per minute.
The most common incision used for surgical procedures of the heart and great vessel in the thoracic cavity
Median Sternotomy
Cardioplegia solution is used to
Stop the heart’s pumping action
Function of the Aortic valve
Maintains one-way blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta.
What incision is most commonly made to open the aorta during an aortic valve replacement
Transverse
The mitral valve is located between the
Left atrium and left ventricle.
During coronary artery bypass surgery l, the surgeon occludes the ascending aorta and inserts the indwelling catheter for
Infusion of cardioplegic solution and venting of air
Removal of a native heart and replacement with a donor heart is indicated for patients with
End- Stage cardiac disease.
Two classification of aneurysms are
Saccular and fusiform
An artificial pacemaker is implanted in the body to correct cardiac arrhythmia caused by
Disease of the conduction system
Tachycardia is
Fast heart rate, usually more than 120 beats per minute
The three layers of the wall of the heart are
Epicardium (outer)
Myocardium (middle)
Endocardium (inner)
What is cardiac catherization
Interventional radiology procedure and involves insertion of a cardiac catheter into the heart chambers and large vessels via a peripheral artery or vein.
What is the Rumel tourniquet
Commonly used in cardiovascular surgery, is a short length of rubber tubing either commercially prepared or cut from a straight (Robinson) urinary catheter.
A midline incision from the sternal notch 2 to 3 inches below the xiphoid is called
Median sternotomy
What incision is frequently used for pediatric aortic coarctation repair
Posterolateral thoracotomy
Which of the following veins would be harvested during CABG
- Saphenous
- internal mammary artery
What is the most common cause of aortic aneurysm?
Atheroclerosis
Induced hypothermia is typically associated with which of the following surgical specialties?
Cardiothoracic
In severe aortic stenosis, what is not an indication of valve replacement?
Palpitations.
What is Aortic Stenosis
Blocks the complete flow of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta, causing left ventricle hypertrophy, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, angina and heart failure
Compression of the heart from excessive fluid or blood buildup is called?
Tamponade
Which endoscope is used to visualize the heart and major vessels?
Angioscope
Which instruments is used to contract the ribs for suturing purposes ?
Bailey
During a CABG procedure, the saphenous vein is sutured to the
Coronary artery
The removal of fibrous thickening of the visceral pleura is
Decortication
Why is cardioplegia used
Cause diastolic arrest
Excision of a constricted segment of the aorta with reanastomosis is performed to correct
Coarctation of the aorta
Why is the orientation of the vein graft reverse during a CABG?
Presence of valves
Which catheter is used for angioplasty?
Fogarty
The internal mammary artery retractor would be used in which of the following procedures?
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Insertion of an intraaortic balloon pump is done to treat patients with a/an
Left ventricular failure
When two chest tubes are inserted into the pleura cavity after an open cardiovascular procedure, what does the superior tube evacuate?
Air
Why is the temperature lowered intentionally during cardiac surgery?
To lower the metabolism and decrease the demand of oxygen.
Procesure performed for removal of an embolus
Balloon catheterization
A CABG is a coronary artery bypass graft that will increase blood flow the heart muscle. The “LIMA” or left internal mammary artery is one of the first choices for a vessel to replace blood flow. What should the pedicle graft be soaked in prior to the anastomosis?
Papaverine soaked sponge 4x8 sponge
Doyen
Rib elevator
Alexander
Rib raspatory.
Used for scraping periosteum from rib bone
Bethune
Rib shear for cutting and dissecting ribs
