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Surgical Procedures > Cardiac and thoracic surgery > Flashcards

Cardiac and thoracic surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Who initiates the cardiac cycle and is the hearts pacemaker.

A

The Sinoatrial node (SA)

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2
Q

The heart is contained within a closed cavity called the

A

Mediastinum

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3
Q

The Sinoatrial SA node initiates the cardiac cycle and is sometimes called the heart’s

A

Pacemaker

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4
Q

Fibrillation is

A

Uncoordinated muscular activity in the heart muscle, which results in “quivering” rather than pumping action

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5
Q

Chaotic, disorganized stimulation of one or both ventricles that does not pump the blood is called

A

Ventricular fibrillation.

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6
Q

Demonstrates the movement of blood through the valves and can be used to measure the ejection fraction and end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes.

A

Ventricular Angiography

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7
Q

The coronary artery is opened with a #11 knife blade (or beaver blade) and the incision is extended with

A

Potts coronary scissors

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8
Q

Reduced blood supply to tissue, which may be a result of obstruction within the blood vessels or external pressure, which acts as a tourniquet.

A

Ischemia

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9
Q

A pacemaker is a device that produces electrical impulses that stimulates the heart. This process is called?

A

Pacing the heart

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10
Q

Bradycardia is

A

Heart rate below 40 to 60 beats per minute.

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11
Q

The most common incision used for surgical procedures of the heart and great vessel in the thoracic cavity

A

Median Sternotomy

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12
Q

Cardioplegia solution is used to

A

Stop the heart’s pumping action

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13
Q

Function of the Aortic valve

A

Maintains one-way blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta.

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14
Q

What incision is most commonly made to open the aorta during an aortic valve replacement

A

Transverse

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15
Q

The mitral valve is located between the

A

Left atrium and left ventricle.

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16
Q

During coronary artery bypass surgery l, the surgeon occludes the ascending aorta and inserts the indwelling catheter for

A

Infusion of cardioplegic solution and venting of air

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17
Q

Removal of a native heart and replacement with a donor heart is indicated for patients with

A

End- Stage cardiac disease.

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18
Q

Two classification of aneurysms are

A

Saccular and fusiform

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19
Q

An artificial pacemaker is implanted in the body to correct cardiac arrhythmia caused by

A

Disease of the conduction system

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20
Q

Tachycardia is

A

Fast heart rate, usually more than 120 beats per minute

21
Q

The three layers of the wall of the heart are

A

Epicardium (outer)
Myocardium (middle)
Endocardium (inner)

22
Q

What is cardiac catherization

A

Interventional radiology procedure and involves insertion of a cardiac catheter into the heart chambers and large vessels via a peripheral artery or vein.

23
Q

What is the Rumel tourniquet

A

Commonly used in cardiovascular surgery, is a short length of rubber tubing either commercially prepared or cut from a straight (Robinson) urinary catheter.

24
Q

A midline incision from the sternal notch 2 to 3 inches below the xiphoid is called

A

Median sternotomy

25
Q

What incision is frequently used for pediatric aortic coarctation repair

A

Posterolateral thoracotomy

26
Q

Which of the following veins would be harvested during CABG

A
  • Saphenous

- internal mammary artery

27
Q

What is the most common cause of aortic aneurysm?

A

Atheroclerosis

28
Q

Induced hypothermia is typically associated with which of the following surgical specialties?

A

Cardiothoracic

29
Q

In severe aortic stenosis, what is not an indication of valve replacement?

A

Palpitations.

30
Q

What is Aortic Stenosis

A

Blocks the complete flow of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta, causing left ventricle hypertrophy, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, angina and heart failure

31
Q

Compression of the heart from excessive fluid or blood buildup is called?

A

Tamponade

32
Q

Which endoscope is used to visualize the heart and major vessels?

A

Angioscope

33
Q

Which instruments is used to contract the ribs for suturing purposes ?

A

Bailey

34
Q

During a CABG procedure, the saphenous vein is sutured to the

A

Coronary artery

35
Q

The removal of fibrous thickening of the visceral pleura is

A

Decortication

36
Q

Why is cardioplegia used

A

Cause diastolic arrest

37
Q

Excision of a constricted segment of the aorta with reanastomosis is performed to correct

A

Coarctation of the aorta

38
Q

Why is the orientation of the vein graft reverse during a CABG?

A

Presence of valves

39
Q

Which catheter is used for angioplasty?

A

Fogarty

40
Q

The internal mammary artery retractor would be used in which of the following procedures?

A

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

41
Q

Insertion of an intraaortic balloon pump is done to treat patients with a/an

A

Left ventricular failure

42
Q

When two chest tubes are inserted into the pleura cavity after an open cardiovascular procedure, what does the superior tube evacuate?

A

Air

43
Q

Why is the temperature lowered intentionally during cardiac surgery?

A

To lower the metabolism and decrease the demand of oxygen.

44
Q

Procesure performed for removal of an embolus

A

Balloon catheterization

45
Q

A CABG is a coronary artery bypass graft that will increase blood flow the heart muscle. The “LIMA” or left internal mammary artery is one of the first choices for a vessel to replace blood flow. What should the pedicle graft be soaked in prior to the anastomosis?

A

Papaverine soaked sponge 4x8 sponge

46
Q

Doyen

A

Rib elevator

47
Q

Alexander

A

Rib raspatory.

Used for scraping periosteum from rib bone

48
Q

Bethune

A

Rib shear for cutting and dissecting ribs

Surgical Procedures (5 decks)

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