Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patient Care > Trauma 1 > Flashcards

Trauma 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Critical Scene Interventions on Trauma

A

SMR
Bleeding control
Needle decompression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy of motion
Kinetic energy = mass x velocity ^2 /2
Velocity major factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inertia

A

Body in motion stays in motion unless acted on by outside force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy not created or destroyed, only changed/transferred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

4 Impacts of MVC

A

Vehicle
Occupants
Occupant organs
Secondary collisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

To be cautious of in MVC

A

Upper body hitting steering wheel
Paper bag pneumothorax
Aortic tear
Pelvic fracture
Intracranial contusion/hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Shearing Forces

A

Descending aorta fixed structure
Arch, aorta + heart are freely movable
Sheering forces create different forces across aorta, causing tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rear-End/Lateral Collision

A

Pt moves towards point of impact
Pts worse if 2 impacts
C-Spine
Head injury
Chest hits door
Hip hits door
Upper extremity fracture/dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Roll-Over

A

Multiple impacts each time vehicle rolls
Unpredictable injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ejection

A

27% of MVC deaths
1/13 spinal injuriy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Seatbelts above iliac crest

A

Compression injuries to abdominal organs
T12-L2 compression fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

seatbelts too low

A

Hip dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Seatbelts alone

A

Head, c-spine, maxillofacial injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Shoulder straps alone

A

Neck injury
Decapitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cranium

A

Double layer of solid bone which surrounds spongy middle layer
Frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal, mastoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Middle Meningeal Artery

A

Under temporal bone
Common source of epidural hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Meningeal Membranes

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid mater
pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CSF

A

Clear, colourless
Circulates through brain and spinal cord
Cushions and protects
Secreted by Ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ICP

A

Edema hemorrhage
Normal is 10mmHg
Elevated >15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CPP

A

Pressure moving blood through cranium
BP change but CPP maintained due to auto regulation
MAP - ICP
50 systolic to maintain CPP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cerebral Blood Flow

A

Depends on CPP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Coup Injury

A

Directly posterior to point of impact
Front of head struck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Contre-coup

A

Directly opposite point of impact
Back of head struck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diffuse Axonal Injury

A

Shearing, tearing, stretching of nerve fibres
Vehicle occupant + pedestrian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Focal Injury

A

Limited and identifiable site of injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Direct Head Injury

A

Forces of an object striking head or by penetrating injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Indirect Head Injury

A

Acceleration/Deceleration forces result in the movement of the brain inside the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Secondary brain injury

A

Intracranial hemorrhage + masses, cerebral edema, ischemia, hypoxia, hypotension, anemia, increased ICP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Mild TBI

A

GCS >14
Asymptomatic or confusion with amnesia
Brief LOC
Headache, n/v
Skull fracture, hematoma, swelling, neurologic findings, coagulopathies, drug/alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Moderate TBI

A

GCS 9-13
10% pts with head injuries, roughly 10% of pt will deteriorate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Severe TBI

A

GCS <9
Mortality 40%
Priority to prevent secondary injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A

Most common CT abnormality for moderate or severe TBI
Disruption of subarachnoid vessels
Blood in CSF
Diffuse headache, nausea, photophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Epidural Hematoma

A

Blow to head fractures temporal bone, ruptures branch of middle meningeal artery
Blood collects between inner table of skull and dura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Classic S/Sx Epidural Hematoma

A

LOC post injury, lucid interval, deteriorate in LOC
Fixed/dilated pupil on side of lesion + contralateral hemi paresis
Herniation within hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A

Collection of venous blood between dura and arachnoid
Sudden acceleration-deceleration events
Symptomatic within 24 hours up to 14 days
Alcoholics + elderly with brain atrophy susceptible

36
Q

Causes of ICP

A

Cerebral edema
Blood due to hemorrhage
CSF accumulation due to blockage
Tumours
SBP
CO2

37
Q

Pathophysiology of Brain INjury

A

ICP increase towards MAP decreases cerebral blood flow, decreases CPP

Compensatory to increase MAP
Cerebral vasodilation occurs as CPP decreases
Increases ICP further, decreases CPP

38
Q

Hypercarbia + Brain Injury

A

Causes cerebral vasodilation
Increased blood volume, increased ICP + CPP

39
Q

Hypotension + Brain injury

A

Decreases CPP causing cerebral vasodilation

40
Q

Brain Stem + Brain injury

A

Increased BP and bradycardia 2º to vagal stimulation from pressure on brain
Irregular resps + tachypnea
Unequal pupils
Posturing
Altered LOC
Vomiting
Seizures
Herniation

41
Q

Herniation

A

Brain attempts to pass through foramen magnum
Death

42
Q

Transtentorial Herniation

A

Downward displacement of brain

43
Q

Uncle Herniation

A

Through tensorial notch by supratentorial mass exerting pressure on underlying structures including brain stem

44
Q

Cushing’s Triad

A

Hypertension + widened pulse pressure
Bradycardia
Diminished + irregular resps

45
Q

Cerebral t waves

A

Widespread deep T-wave inversion with bizarre morphology from rise in ICP

46
Q

Shaken Baby Syndrome

A

Cerebral edema, cerebral contusion, concussion, intracranial hemorrhage, neck injuries

<2yo particularly 6-8 weeks

47
Q

Linear skull Fracture

A

Not identified in field
Consider MOI, soft tissue trauma
Not emergency
Caution in temporal region for epidural hematoma

48
Q

Depressed Skull Fracture

A

Segment pushed inward
Pressure on brain causing injury

49
Q

Basilar Skull fractures

A

CSF otorrhea
CSF rhinorrhea
Periorbital ecchymosis
Battle’s sign

50
Q

Mandibular Fractures

A

Deformity along jaw
Potential for airway compromise
From high energy trauma

51
Q

Leforte I

A

Slight instability to maxilla, no displacement

52
Q

Leforte II

A

Fracture of both maxilla and nasal bones

53
Q

Leforte III

A

Fractures involving entire face below brow ridge

54
Q

Orbital Fractures

A

Zygoma, maxilla + interior shelf
Reduced eye movement
Limited jaw movement
injury to eye common

55
Q

Nose Fracture

A

Most frequent fracture of facial bones
Can depress, displace or result in epistaxis

56
Q

Waddell’s Triad

A

Paediatric struck
Bumper: femur fracture
Hood: chest injuries
Ground: head injuries

57
Q

O’donohue’s triad

A

Adult struck
Bumper: tib-fib
Knee: ligament tears
Hood: femur/pelvic fractures

58
Q

Complications of Thoracic trauma

A

Hypoxia
Hypercarbia
Acidosis

59
Q

Trauma Triad of Death

A

Hypothermia
Coagulopathy
Metabolic Acidosis

60
Q

Rib Fractures

A

Simple are painful but rarely life-threatening
Complications around pain
Risk of atelectasis, V/Q mismatch
Lower ribs risk to spleen, liver, kidneys

61
Q

First + Second Ribs

A

High forces required

62
Q

Underlying Injuries with Rib fracture

A

Myocardial contusion
Pericardial tamponade
Cardiac rupture
Pulmonary contusion

63
Q

Ribs 1-3

A

Great force to fracture
Possible underlying lung inury
Frequent injury to aorta or bronchi
Subclavian artery/vein risk
Pneumo risk

64
Q

Ribs 4-9

A

Most commonly fractured
Possibility of break in 2 places

65
Q

Ribs 9-12

A

Less likely to fracture
Energy to internal organs
Damage to liver, spleen, kidneys

66
Q

Flail Chest

A

Fractures of 3+ ribs in 2+ places
Paradoxical movement
Often associated with significant underlying injury
Reduces volume of respiration

67
Q

Mortality Risk + Flail Chest

A

Advanced age
7+ rib fractures
3+ associated injuries
Shock
Head injuries

68
Q

Sternal Fracture

A

Uncommon
Direct blow to front of chest
Associated trauma risk

69
Q

Associated trauma of Sternal fracture

A

Disruption of thoracic aorta
Tracheal or bronchial tear
Diaphragm rupture
Flail chest
Myocardial trauma
Myocardial contusion, cardiac tamponade, pulmonary contusion

70
Q

Pulmonary Contusion

A

Direct damage to lung tissue in absence of pulmonary laceration
Frequently associated with rib fracture

71
Q

Sources of Injury Pulmonary Contusion

A

Direct tissue injury
Increased capillary membrane permeability

72
Q

Simple Pneumothorax Incidence

A

10-30% blunt chest trauma
Almost 100% penetrating chest trauma

73
Q

Causes

A

Fractured rib
Paper bag effect
Spontaneously in tall, thin young men
Marfan’s syndrome

74
Q

Open Pneumothorax

A

Penetrating trauma
Communication between pleural space and atmosphere
Ipsilateral Lung collapse

75
Q

Patho of Open Pneumo

A

V/Q Mismatch
Pressure within pleural space
Impaired vena cava return

76
Q

Tension Pneumothorax

A

Lung tissue damage with one way valve effect, air trapped in pleural space

77
Q

Pathophysiology of tension pneumo

A

Lung collapse on affected side with mediastinal shift to contralateral side
Reduced cardiac output

78
Q

CO + Open Pneumo

A

Increased intrathoracic pressure
Cardiac tamponade
Deformed vena cava reducing preload
Twisting of great vessels

79
Q

Assessment findings in Tension Pneumo

A

JVD
Hyper-resonance
Subcutaneous emphysema
Tracheal deviation
Cyanosis

80
Q

Life threatening conditions of hemothorax

A

Hypovolemia
Hypoxia
Increased intrathoracic pressure

81
Q

Myocardial Contusion

A

Blunt injury to heart
Traumatic MI
Impairs CO
Dysrhythmias, failure
Appears like acute MI

82
Q

Pericardial Tamponade

A

In trauma from tear in coronary artery or penetration of myocardium
Compresses and impedes heart (diastolic failure)
As little as 150mL

83
Q

Beck’s Triad

A

Muffled heart sounds: reduced chamber filling in diastole
JVD: backup to IVC and SVC
Hypotension: decreased CO

84
Q

Diaphragmatic Rupture

A

Abdominal contents can rupture through diaphragm into chest
90% on left side due to protection on right by liver

85
Q

Intrathoracic Trauma

A

Any injury above umbilicus

86
Q

Intra-abdominal trauma

A

Any injury below 4th ICS

87
Q

Traumatic Asphyxia

A

Severe compressive force to thorax causing backwards flow of blood from right side of heart into SVC and upper extremities

Patient Care (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions