Transportation

Question 2

US transportation profile

Answer 2

dominated by cars and trucks, some airplanes

Question 3

modes of transport by efficiency

Answer 3

bike, walk, bus, train, car plane

Question 4

modes of freight transport by efficiency

Answer 4

pipelines, waterways, railroads, trucks, planes

Question 5

CO2 from RT SF to NY

Answer 5

1600 lb CO2!

Question 6

social costs of transportation

Answer 6

national security/trade balance, safety and health, air pollution, land/water pollution, resource use, congestion

Question 7

transportation & CO2

Answer 7

transportation is largest US contributor to CO2 emissions

Question 8

transportation and water pollution

Answer 8

MTBE was added as anti-knocking agent, known carcinogen that contaminates water supplies

Question 9

vehicles are lasting _____

Answer 9

longer

Question 10

world vehicle fleet is______

Answer 10

growing

Question 11

trends in americans driving

Answer 11

americans are driving more miles, but the average trip is real short

Question 12

what’s holding back fuel economy?

Answer 12

how heavy the US vehicles are!

Question 13

why do we use internal combustion engines

Answer 13

more efficient than external, cheaper than gas turbines, easier to refuel than batteries

Question 14

drawbacks of internal combustion engines

Answer 14

pollution! Many moving parts = much maintenance. Require liquid or gaseous fuel

Question 15

potential vehicle transportation revolutions

Answer 15

light weighting materials, hybrids/plug in hybrids, electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, low carbon fuels, alternative vehicle ownership models, mass transit

Question 16

well to wheels

Answer 16

looks at entire fuel cycle from recovery/processing to vehicle motion

Question 17

hybrids

Answer 17

combines ICE with battery-powered electric motor

Question 18

electric vehicles

Answer 18

use traditional motor, silent, zero ish emissions, limited range

Question 19

plug in hybrids

Answer 19

50% of americans drive <20 mi/day. Charge your car at night! Fuel economy can get up to 100mpg

Question 20

fuel cell vehicles

Answer 20

powered by hydrogen; just around corner or just a dream?

Question 21

HEV pros

Answer 21

1.5-3 times more efficient than ICE; can be refueled at gas station; excellent range; purchase price relative to ICE cars pays off now

Question 22

HEV cons

Answer 22

still more expensive to make than regular cars; less variety available

Question 23

PHEV pros

Answer 23

2-3 times efficient as HEV; over 100mpg; usually electric-only; can be refueled at gas station; excellent range extended by ICE; third parties can convert

Question 24

PHEV cons

Answer 24

barely availably commercially; conversions are expensive; not well road proven; heavy, maybe toxic batteries

Question 25

EV pros

Answer 25

no tailpipe emissions; silent motor; even with FF gen, less pollution than ICE; could reduce dependence on oil

Question 26

EV cons

Answer 26

expensive; limited range; long recharge time; limited charge stations; heavy maybe toxic batteries

Question 27

FCV pros

Answer 27

no tailpipe emissions; can be refueled quickly; can power a house while not being driven; reduces FF dependence

Question 28

FCV cons

Answer 28

H2 low energy density; risk of explosion; no distribution infrastructure; where do you get H2?; fuel cells expensive; fuel cells still too big; hydrogren tough to store

Question 29

policy initiatives that can decrease energy use of trans sector

Answer 29

fuel econ standards, fuel econ labeling, feebates/cash for clunkers, pay as you drive, car licensing, parking regulations, company sponsored programs, public transport, community design, culture shift

Question 30

CAFÉ standards

Answer 30

makes manufacturers comply with fuel economy standards set by DOT

Question 31

low hanging transportation fruit!

Answer 31

getting rid of the dirtiest cars by: gas guzzler tax, feebates, cash for clunkers

Question 32

driving restrictions, fees, programs

Answer 32

toll roads (more congested road priced higher), congestion fees, car licenses, parking (special parking for clean vehicles)

Question 33

potential transportation disruptors

Answer 33

cellulosic ethanol; advanced batteries; EV infrastructure; vehicle to grid/smartgrid; zipcar/shared ownership; implementation of transit oriented community design; price on carbon

Question 34

challenges

Answer 34

politics interest in status quo; existing infrastructure; need for high energy density; major cultural change; congestion; dependence on oil; pollution; hating public transport