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CEE 207A (allies) > Transportation > Flashcards

Transportation Flashcards

2
Q

US transportation profile

A

dominated by cars and trucks, some airplanes

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3
Q

modes of transport by efficiency

A

bike, walk, bus, train, car plane

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4
Q

modes of freight transport by efficiency

A

pipelines, waterways, railroads, trucks, planes

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5
Q

CO2 from RT SF to NY

A

1600 lb CO2!

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6
Q

social costs of transportation

A

national security/trade balance, safety and health, air pollution, land/water pollution, resource use, congestion

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7
Q

transportation & CO2

A

transportation is largest US contributor to CO2 emissions

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8
Q

transportation and water pollution

A

MTBE was added as anti-knocking agent, known carcinogen that contaminates water supplies

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9
Q

vehicles are lasting _____

A

longer

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10
Q

world vehicle fleet is______

A

growing

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11
Q

trends in americans driving

A

americans are driving more miles, but the average trip is real short

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12
Q

what’s holding back fuel economy?

A

how heavy the US vehicles are!

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13
Q

why do we use internal combustion engines

A

more efficient than external, cheaper than gas turbines, easier to refuel than batteries

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14
Q

drawbacks of internal combustion engines

A

pollution! Many moving parts = much maintenance. Require liquid or gaseous fuel

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15
Q

potential vehicle transportation revolutions

A

light weighting materials, hybrids/plug in hybrids, electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, low carbon fuels, alternative vehicle ownership models, mass transit

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16
Q

well to wheels

A

looks at entire fuel cycle from recovery/processing to vehicle motion

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17
Q

hybrids

A

combines ICE with battery-powered electric motor

18
Q

electric vehicles

A

use traditional motor, silent, zero ish emissions, limited range

19
Q

plug in hybrids

A

50% of americans drive <20 mi/day. Charge your car at night! Fuel economy can get up to 100mpg

20
Q

fuel cell vehicles

A

powered by hydrogen; just around corner or just a dream?

21
Q

HEV pros

A

1.5-3 times more efficient than ICE; can be refueled at gas station; excellent range; purchase price relative to ICE cars pays off now

22
Q

HEV cons

A

still more expensive to make than regular cars; less variety available

23
Q

PHEV pros

A

2-3 times efficient as HEV; over 100mpg; usually electric-only; can be refueled at gas station; excellent range extended by ICE; third parties can convert

24
Q

PHEV cons

A

barely availably commercially; conversions are expensive; not well road proven; heavy, maybe toxic batteries

25
Q

EV pros

A

no tailpipe emissions; silent motor; even with FF gen, less pollution than ICE; could reduce dependence on oil

26
Q

EV cons

A

expensive; limited range; long recharge time; limited charge stations; heavy maybe toxic batteries

27
Q

FCV pros

A

no tailpipe emissions; can be refueled quickly; can power a house while not being driven; reduces FF dependence

28
Q

FCV cons

A

H2 low energy density; risk of explosion; no distribution infrastructure; where do you get H2?; fuel cells expensive; fuel cells still too big; hydrogren tough to store

29
Q

policy initiatives that can decrease energy use of trans sector

A

fuel econ standards, fuel econ labeling, feebates/cash for clunkers, pay as you drive, car licensing, parking regulations, company sponsored programs, public transport, community design, culture shift

30
Q

CAFÉ standards

A

makes manufacturers comply with fuel economy standards set by DOT

31
Q

low hanging transportation fruit!

A

getting rid of the dirtiest cars by: gas guzzler tax, feebates, cash for clunkers

32
Q

driving restrictions, fees, programs

A

toll roads (more congested road priced higher), congestion fees, car licenses, parking (special parking for clean vehicles)

33
Q

potential transportation disruptors

A

cellulosic ethanol; advanced batteries; EV infrastructure; vehicle to grid/smartgrid; zipcar/shared ownership; implementation of transit oriented community design; price on carbon

34
Q

challenges

A

politics interest in status quo; existing infrastructure; need for high energy density; major cultural change; congestion; dependence on oil; pollution; hating public transport

CEE 207A (allies) (10 decks)

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