Transportation Flashcards by Gab Unknown

Signs that inform road users of traffic laws
and regulations which, if disregarded, will constitute an offense.

Regulatory Signs

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device mounted on a fixed support (permanent signs) or portable support (temporary signs) whereby a specific
message is conveyed by means of words or symbols placed or erected for the purpose
of regulating, warning or guiding traffic.

Traffic Signs

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Signs that instruct road users to meet
certain traffic rule requirements or road condition

Special Instruction Signs

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Warn road users of condition on or adjacent to the road that may be unexpected or hazardous

Warning Signs

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Inform and advice road users
of directions, distance, routes, the location of services, and points of interests

Guide Signs (Informative Signs)

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Warn or advise of temporary hazardous
conditions that could endanger road users or the men and equipment engaged on roadwork

Roadwork Signs

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Signs which provide means of displaying
essential traffic information on wide multi-lane roads, where some degree of lane use control is required, or where side-of-road clearance is insufficient to accommodate a road side sign

Overhead Signs

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Highway appurtenances designed to prevent vehicular penetration from the travel way to areas behind the barrier such as to minimize damage to impacting vehicles and their occupants, and to reduce the risk of injuries to pedestrians and workers

Barriers

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Warning devices used to supplement other
controls and devices necessary to alert motorists of construction and maintenance activities or obstructions in the roadway.

Flashing Lamps

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Light retro-reflecting devices mounted at the side of the roadway, in series, to indicate the roadway alignment.

Delineators

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Devices which may be conical in shape or tubular shaped capable of performing channelization of traffic which may
be set on the surface of the roadway or rigidly attached for continued use.

Traffic Cones

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Roadwork devices consisting of pre-cast
concrete sections, sandbag, and others which, may be used to guide traffic at the construction site.

Temporary Curbing

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Device used in place of rigid barrier
posts or traffic cones with a minimum of 450 mm by 50 mm wide with alternate bands of contrasting color as seen by approaching
traffic for delineation of traffic.

Flexible Post or Bollard

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Used as a background for STOP signs, as border color on GIVE WAY signs, warning signs and prohibitive signs in the regulatory type.

Red

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Used as legend color for signs having white, yellow, orange, fluorescent orange, fluorescent yellow green background and as chevron for hazard makers.

Black

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Used as background color for road signs.

Yellow

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Background color for most signs and legends for some colored background

White

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Background color for signs
related to pedestrian movement, school zones, and road work hazard markers to give additional emphasis and guidance to vehicle operators

Flourescent Yellow Green

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Used as background color for roadwork
signs whose legends relate to personal working

Fluorescent Orange

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Background color for direction signs.

Green

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Background color for service signs.

Blue

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Reserved as background color for all tourist facility directional and information signs.

Brown

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OSH Standard color for “Fire Protection”. To call attention to fire protection equipment apparatus and
facilities

Red

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OSH Standard color for designating “safety”.

Green

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OSH Standard color for the designation of "traffic" and housekeeping marking.

White

OSH Standard color to designate "caution" and for marking physical hazards such as striking against, stumbling, falling. tripping, and "caught in between".

Yellow

OSH standard color for "Alert". To designate dangerous parts of machines or energized equipment.

Orange

OSH standard color for Precaution. To designate caution, limited to warning against starting, use of, or the movement of equipment which is under repair or being worked upon.

Blue

OSH standard color for "Radiation". To designate hazards. Yellow is used in combination with purple for markers, such as tags, labels, signs and floor markers.

Purple

Among the four Sizes for Regulatory Signs dedicated for urban low speed roads.

Size A

Among the Four Sizes for Regulatory Signs dedicated for rural roads with speed limits between 60 and 70 kph.

Size B

Among the Four Sizes for Regulatory Signs dedicated for high speed rural highways’ multi-lane urban roads.

Size C

Among the Four Sizes for Regulatory Signs dedicated for Expressways.

Size D

Types of Pavement Lines and Markings

Longitudinal lines, Transverse lines, Other lines, Other markings

Shape reserved exclusively for STOP signs.

Octagon

Shape reserved for Give Way Sign

Inverted Equilateral Triangle

Shape for Railroad crossing Advance warning signs and for Civil Defense Evacuation Route Marker

Circle

Shape used for Warning Signs

Equilateral triangle

Shape used for directional signs, service signs, roadwork signs, signs for special purposes, and supplementary plates for warning signs.

Rectangle with horizontal long axis

Shape used for facility information signs, instruction signs, guide signs, and destinations of point of interest.

Rectangle with vertical long axis

Shape used for pedestrian and school crossing sign.

Pentagon with point up.

The three elements of sight distance:

- Driver Eye Height - Object Height - Sight Distance

What are the two components of stopping sight distance?

Reaction distance and Braking Distance

The distance traveled while the driver perceives a hazard, decides to take action, then acts by starting to apply the brakes to start slowing down

Reaction distance

The distance required for the vehicle to slow down and stop.

Braking Distance

A protected water area to provide safe and suitable accommodation for ships for the transfer of cargo, refueling, repairs, etc.

Harbor

A sheltered place where the ship may receive or discharge cargo.

Port

A navigable channel in a harbor, offshore etc; the usual course taken by vessels in such places.

Fairway

A place where the ship can moor.

Berth

A continuous structure built parallel to along the margin of the sea or alongside riverbanks, canals, or waterways where vessels may lie alongside to receive or discharge cargo, embark or disembark passengers or lie at rest.

Wharf

Can be substituted to wharf when applied to great solid structures in large ports.

Quay

Any structure built into the sea but not parallel to the coastline and includes any stage, stair landing place, landing stage jetty, floating barge, and pontoon, any bridge or other works connected there with.

Pier

A landing stage or small pier at which boats can dock or be moored.

Jetty

A berth structure for mooring the ship on the open sea.

Dolphin

An isolated piled or gravity structure used either to maneuver a ship or to facilitate holding it in position at its berth.

Dolphin

A type of dock consisting of a rectangular basin dug into the shore of a body of water and provided with a removable enclosure wall or gate on the side toward the water, used for major repairs and overhaul of vessels.

Dry Dock

A phenomenon involving abnormal oscillations of the water level with a period of approximately a few minutes to a few tens of minutes.

Seiche

It occurs when small fluctuations of the water level are generated by micro-scale variations of the atmospheric pressure.

Seiche

Wave with an extremely long period that mainly occur when there is a sudden large scale sea floor movement usually associated severe, shallow focus earthquake.

Tsunami

Abnormal rise of the sea level that occurs when a typhoon passes by

Storm Surge

What causes storm surge?

Atmosphere pressure reduction and Wind Stress

The average of the sea water surface for all stages of the tide over a 19 year period.

Mean Sea Level (MSL)

The height of the low-water over a 19-year period.

Mean Low Water (MWL)

Average height of the lower low waters over a 19-year period.

Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW)

Average height of the high water over a 19-year period.

Mean High Water (MHW)

Average height of the higher high water over a 19-year period.

Mean Higher High Water (MHHW)

One of the important factors that lead to changing of the wave height in coastal waters.

Wave Shoaling

Phenomenon whereby waves wheel into region that is screened by something like a breakwater.

Wave Diffraction

Change in wave height and wave direction due to the change in local wave velocity caused in water depth.

Wave Refraction

The wave at a place where the water depth is at least one half of the wavelength.

Deepwater Waves

The wave whose height and period are equal to the mean height and period of all of the waves in a wave group.

Mean Wave

To level a floor or layer of concrete with a straight edge using a back and forth motion while moving across the surface.

Screeding

Difference between actual travel time and a given segment of a transportation system and some ideal travel time for that segment.

Delay

Series of Interconnected or interlaced cracks caused by fatigue of the asphalt concrete surface under repeated traffic loading.

Alligator cracking

A column driven into the soil to support structure by tranferring building loads to a deeper and stronger layer of soil or rock.

Piles

Cracks forming large interconnected polygons caused by hardening and shrinkage of the asphalt.

Block cracking

Progressing disintegration of the surface caused by dripping of gasoline or oil from vehicles.

Drip track ravelling

Exuding of bitumen onto the pavement surface, causing reduction in skid resistance.

Bleeding or flushing

Written instructions detailing how the facility is to be constructed.

Specifications

Bulk composition of concrete.

Portland cement, aggragates, water

Used for testing the relative consistency of concrete.

Slump test

Most important process to prepare concrete:

Batching

When a vehicle moves obliquely across the path of another vehicle moving in the same direction.

Weaving

Maximum sustained 15 min. rate of flow expressed in passenger cars per hour per lane.

Capacity

Maximum number of vehicles in a roadway

Road capacity

Process of proportioning cement, water aggregates, and additives prior to mixing concrete.

Batching

When density increases, what happend to speed.

Decreases/declines

Type of thermoplastic lane marking designed to aid and provide motorists with visual, audio, and motion warning on the road.

Rumble strips

How many words is allowed when painting messages on pavements?

less than 3

Standard sign shape for regulatory signs.

Circle

Standard shape for additional information

Circle

How many letters and numerals being used for signs?

Types of Reflectorized Markings:

Retro Reflector.... Hazard markers Delineators

Purpose of edge lines

- Discourage travel on road shoulders. - Make driving safer as it provides continuous guide for driver. - Act as a guide past objects close the edge of the pavement. - Prevent Parking

Barrier lines may consist:

- Two unbroken yellow lines - Single unbroken yellow line - Single yellow line with a broken white line

Lines to guide vehicle through a turning movement at intersections.

Turn Lines

Types of pedestrian crossing:

Zebra and Crosswalk

Lines used to guide traffic safely past obstructions on roadways such as islands, median strips, etc.

Transition lines

Types of Transverse Lines

- Stop Lines - Give Way Lines - Pedestrian Crossing Markings - Roundabout Holding Lines

Color of Messages when painted on pavements.

White

Mark obstructions other than islands with reflectorized white paint with no less than ____ alternating reflectorized black and white stripes.

Markings that are often used to guide traffic into the right turning lanes separated by an island, suchs as a corner island at a signalized intersection.

Chevron markings

A very short section of fully constructed shoulder or added lane that’s provided to allow slow vehicles to pull aside and be overtaken.

Turnout

Length of letters or numerals used on pavement messages of high-speed highways.

Process of moving soil or rock from one location to another and processing it so that it meets construction requirements of location, elevation, density, moisture content, and so on.

Earthmoving

Average volume of materials moved per equipment cycle is called:

Volume per cycle

Rock Particles larger than 76mm diameter

Cobbles

A construction material which is composed of individual particles larger than about 6mm in diameter but smaller than 76 mm

Gravel

A measure of the difficulty of excavating and loading a soil.

Loadability

Ability of a soil to support the weight of vehicles under repeated traffic.

Trafficability

Smaller than gravel but larger than the No. 200 Sieve opeing (0.7mm).

Sand

Particles can pass the No. 200 Sieve but are larger than .002 mm

Silt

Particles less than .002mm

Clay

A highly organic soil having fibrous texture, with dark color, odor, and spongy feel. Considered unsuitable for construction use.

Peat

Soils having less than 50% passing on No. 200 sieve

Coarse-grained soil

Soils having more than 50% passing on No. 200 sieve

Fine-grained soil

Expulsion of water in soil

Consolidation

Expelling air in soil

Compaction

Evaluates soil's moisture density relationship

Proctor test

Moisture content when max. density is achieved.

Optimum moisture content of soil.

A tractor equipped with front-mounted earthmoving blade

Dozer or bulldozer

Process of densifying cohesionless soils by inserting vibratory probe into the soil

Vibroflotation, vibrocompaction, vibratory compaction

Chemical reaction between cement and water which produces hardened cement

Hydration

Determines the strength, water tightness, durability, and wear resistance of concrete mix.

Water/cement ratio

Water/cement ratios ranges from:

0.4 to 0.7

Selected speed used to determine the various geometric design features of a roadway.

Design Speed

Speed at which individual vehicles travel over a highway section

Running Speed

When traffic on a highway limits or reduces the road way capacity in a single area.

Bottleneck

Uninterrupted traffic flow are defined by three primary measures

Speed, volume and density

Restriction of interference to normal free flow

Congestion

Factor used to convert the rate of flow during the highest 15-min period to the total hourly volume

Peak hour factor

Ratio of total hourly volume to the number of vehicles during the highest 15-min period multiplied by 4.

Peak hour factor

Length of roadway ahead that is visible to the driver.

Sight distance

Portion of the roadway that accommodates stopped vehicles, emergency used, and lateral support of subbase, base, and suface course.

Shoulders.

For the recovery of errant vehicles.

Clear zone

What is the depth of shallow water waves in relation to its length?

depth is less than 1/20 of length (d

What is the depth of deep water waves in relation to its length?

depth is greater than half its length (d>L/2)

When does wave break occur on deep water waves?

When wave height exceeds 1/7 of wavelength. (H>L/7)

When does wave break occur on shallow water waves?

When depth is equal to 1.25 of wave height. (d = 1.25H)

What is the ratio between wave height and wave length?

Steepness

How to know a transitional wave?

L/20 < d < L/2