DESIGN Flashcards
1
Q
Branch of mechanics which studies the effects and distribution of forces of rigid bodies which are and remain at rest
A
Statics
2
Q
a contact resistance by one body when the second body moves or tends to move past the first body
A
Friction
3
Q
The maximum amount of strain-energy the material can absorb just before it fractures
A
Modulus of Toughness
3
Q
energy stored in a material due to its
deformation
A
Strain energy
4
Q
Represents the largest amount
of internal strain energy per unit volume the material can absorb without causing any permanent damage to the material
A
Modulus of Resilience
5
Q
Ability to absorb energy in plastic range
A
Modulus of Toughness
6
Q
Ability to absorb energy in the elastic range
A
Modulus of Resilience
7
Q
Refers to the property of a material which makes it return to its original dimension when the load is removed.
A
Elasticity
8
Q
refers to the ability of a material to deform in the plastic range without breaking
A
Ductility
9
Q
material’s resistance to indentation
A
Hardness
10
Q
Inverse of Stiffness
A
Flexibility
11
Q
ability to resist a deformation within the linear range
A
Stiffness
12
Q
material’s resistance to fracture
A
Toughness
13
Q
Any material that can be
subjected to large strains before it fractures
A
Ductile Material
14
Q
Materials that exhibit little or no
yielding before failure
A
Brittle Materials
15
Q
has the same physical and
mechanical properties throughout its volume or material has the same composition at any point
A
Homogeneous material
16
Q
Has same physical and mechanical
properties in all directions
A
Isotropic material
17
Q
Has material properties at a particular point, which differ along three mutually-
orthogonal axes
A
Orthotropic material
18
Q
All cross sections are the same throughout its length
A
Prismatic
19
Q
When a material has to support a load for a very long period of time, it may continue to deform until a sudden fracture occurs or its usefulness is
impaired.
A
Creep
20
Q
Time Dependent Deformation
A
Creep
21
Q
When a material is subjected to repeated cycles of stress or strain, it causes its structure to breakdown, ultimately leading to fracture.
A
Fatigue
22
Q
Lateral deflection that occurs when long slender members are subjected to an axial compressive force.
A
Buckling
23
Q
A slight increase in stress above the elastic limit will result in a breakdown of the material and causes it to deform permanently.
A
Yielding
24
The deformation that occurs during yielding.
Plastic Deformation
25
When yielding has ended, an
increase in load can be supported by the specimen, until it reaches a maximum stress referred to as the
ultimate stress. This deformation is called:
Strain Hardening:
26
This occurs when the cross-sectional area will begin to decrease in a localized region of the specimen, until the specimen breaks at the fracture stress.
Necking
27
Those that pass through no. 4 sieve
Fine Aggregates
28
used in cocrte may be fine aggregates
and coarse.
Aggregates
28
a mixture of water, cement, sand, gravel, crushed rock, or other aggregates
Concrete
29
used in mixing concrete shall be clean free dram injurious amounts of oils, acid, alkalis, salts, organic materials or other substance that may be deleterious to concrete or reinforcement
Water
29
It is measured by seismometer
Actual displacement
30
it is the point through which the
resultant of the resistance to the applied lateral force
acts
Center of Gravity
31
it is the point through which the
applied seismic force acts
Center of mass
31
is the point where the object
“suffers” no torque by the effect of the gravitational force acted upon it
Center of Gravity
32
structural member ha the ratio of its
unsupported height to its least lateral dimension of not less than 3 and is used primarily to support axial load
Column
32
The point through which the
resultant of the restoring forces of a system acts.
Center of stiffness
33
a short edge beam projecting from a column to support a weight
Corbel
34
The addition of energy – absorbing
components into a structural building frame to reduce lateral deflections and lessen the stresses imparted
into the frame when subjected to high wind or seismic forces.
Damping
34
It is the total design
lateral force at the base of a structure.
Design seismic base shear
35
Property of a material enables it to under large permanent strains before failure.
Ductility
35
it refers to the ability of a material to
deform in the plastic range without braking
Ductility
36
it refers to the property of a material
which makes it return to its original dimension when the load is removed
Elasticity
37
it is the distance between the center
of rigidity and center of mass
Eccentricity
38
The geographical point on the surface of earth vertically above the focus of the earthquake.
Epicenter
39
The originating earthquake source of the elastic waves inside the earth which cause shaking of ground due to earthquake.
Focus
40
besides the epicenter, it describes the
location of the earthquake
Focal depth
41
stress is proportional to the strain
within the elastic region
Hooke’s Law
41
the material has the same composition
at every point but the elastic may not be the same in
all direction
Homogenous
42
The principle used in equations related to the
deformation of axially loaded material.
Hooke’s Law
43
retarding force acting opposite in
motion
Kinetic Friction
44
is best described as a sudden drop in the shear strength of a soil
“Liquefaction”
45
is a state in saturated cohesionless soil wherein the effective shear strength is reduced to negligible value
“Liquefaction”
46
condition when soil tends to behave like a fluid mass
“Liquefaction”
47
it is measured by the
Ritcher scale
Magnitude of earthquake
47
The composite material exhibits elastic properties in one direction different from that in the
perpendicular direction
Orthotropic
48
the deformation of axially loaded
members, the ratio of the lateral to the longitudinal strain is constant
Poisson's Ratio
49
stressing high strength steel after
the concrete has been cast and has attained sufficient
strength
Post tensioning
50
stressing high strength steel wires
before concrete hardens
Pre tensioning
51
It is the term for the value
beyond which the stress is no longer proportional to the strain.
Proportional Limit
52
The greatest stress a material is capable of
developing without a permanent elongation remaining
upon complete unloading of the specimen
Elastic limit
53
Slope of the straight line portion of the curve or the
ratio of stress over the strain
Modulus of elasticity
54
A condition that when there is already a permanent deformation, it continues to deform when a
minimal load is applied beyond the elastic
Plasticity
55
it refers to the rigidity of
a structure
Reciprocal of deflection
56
it refers to flexibility of a
structure
Reciprocal of stiffness
57
Loss of stress that takes place with the passage of time as concrete is held at a constant strain
Relaxation
58
it refers to the ability of a material to
absorb energy in the elatsic range
Resilience
59
Refers to the large amplitude vibration of an object or system when given impulses at its natural
frequency
Resonance
60
It occurs when a building period coincides with the earthquake period.
Resonance
61
time period of undamped free
vibration of a structure
Natural period
62
a measure of the strength of shaking
during the earthquake
Intensity
63
a measure of energy released in an
earthquake
Magnitude
64
are instruments used to record the
motion of the ground during an earthquake
Seismographs
65
It is one in which the lateral stiffness
is less than 70 percent of that in the storey above or less than 80 percent of the average lateral stiffness
of the three storeys above
Soft Storey
66
It is one in which the storey lateral
strength is less than 80 percent of that in the storey
above.
Weak Storey
67
it is the displacement of one level
relative to the level above or below
Story Drift
68
it refers to the force generated by a body at rest
Static
69
determines whether the body will be in equilibrium or will have a varying state of motion
Resultant
70
It is the space between two adjacent floors
Story
71
is the lateral displacement of
the story relative to the base
Story displacement
71
Discontinuities in a lateral
force path
Out-of-plane offsets
72
rigid horizontal planes used to transfer lateral forces to vertical resisting elements
Diaphragms
73
wall designed to resist lateral forces
acting in its own plane, typically wind and seismic loads
Shear wall
74
stiffened walls and are capable of transferring lateral forces from floors and roofs to the foundation
Shear wall
74
it refers to the ability of a material to
absorb energy in the plastic range
Toughness
75
occurs when the center of
mass and rigidity do not coincide
Torsional Shear Stress
76
the material deforms considerably even with a slight increase in stress
Yielding
77
The stress at which there occursa
marked increase in strainwithout an increase in stress
Yield stress
77
The stress at which thespecimen
actually breaks.
Rupture strength
78
The max. stress a material is capable
of developing
Ultimate stress
79
It is the constant of proportionality
that defines the linear relationship between stress
and strain
Young's Modulus
80
It significantly influences
the quality and strength of concrete.
Water – Cement Ratio
81
The property of a material
enabling high impact loads without inducing a stress in excess of the elastic limit.
Resilience
82
Ratio of the failure stress to the
allowable stress.
Factor of safety
82
The tensile stress that develops on
the diagonals surface.
Diagonal tension
83
The condition that renders the
load resisting member unfit for resisting further increase in loads.
Failure
84
The ratio of lateral strain to
axial strain for an unrestrained
Poisson's ratio
85
The property of a material to withstand high stress without great strain
Stiffness
86
Implies the absence of any plastic
deformation prior to failure.
Brittleness
87
The property of a material enabling it to undergo considerable plastic deformation under compressive load before actual rupture.
Malleability
88
The property of a material
enabling it to endure high-impact loads or shock loads.
Toughness
89
Change of volume per unit volume.
Dilatation
90
It comprises the bulk of the
concrete member.
Aggregates
91
Is one having a relatively large
tensile strain up to the point of rupture
Ductile material "e"
92
Is one having a relatively small
tensile strain up to the point of
Rupture
Brittle material
93
The rate of change of stress with respect to strain
Tangent modulus
94
The ratio of the ultimate or tensile strength to specific weight that is the weight per unit volume.
Specific strength
95
Ratio of the Youngs modulus to the specific weight.
Specific modulus
95
One having the same elastic
properties in all directions at any one point of the body.
Isotropic material
96
Which refers to the Rigidity of a
Structure?
- Deflection
- Reciprocal of Deflection
- Product of Stiffness and Deflection
- Reciprocal of Stiffness
Reciprocal of Deflection
97
Is a ground mounted – device
which measures the actual displacement of the ground
with respect to a stationary reference point.
Seismograph
98
Forces generated by a body in
motion.
Dynamic
99
It is the oldest useful measure of an
earthquake’s strength which is based on the damage
and other observed effects on people, buildings and
other features.
Intensity
100
Materials whose properties
depend upon the direction considered
Anisotropic
101
Failure of a metal due to
repeated stress
Corrosion
102
A built-in upward curvature of a
beam or girder to compensate for its deflection or sag.
Camber
103
If a member is not restrained
against sway, and has hinged ends, and the critical load is reached, this member will buckle laterally turning
into the shape of ______
Full sinewave
104
A slump test is done in order to
determine the ______
Workability
105
It is the measure of how easy or difficult it is to place, consolidate and finish concrete.
Workability
106
A deformation of a part of a
beam whenever plastic bending happens.
Plastic Hinge
107
Is a compression element
provided to carry the loads from supported elements like columns, statues, etc. to footing below the ground.
Concrete Pedestal
108
By inserting a plastic hinge at a
plastic limit load into a statically determinate beam, a kinematic mechanism permitting an unbounded displacement of the system can be found.
Collapse Mechanism
109
Assumes that the entire applied
force/reaction passes through a critical area of web located at the top of the fillet that connects the flange to the web
Web Local Yielding
110
Is actually a local buckling that
occurs when the web is slender
Web Local Crippling
111
Is the analysis in which the
criterion for design of structures is the ultimate load.
Plastic Analysis
112
Material that has the same composition at every point but elastic property may not be the same in all directions
Isotropic
113
Material that has the same elastic property in all directions
Homogenous
114
Material composition exhibit elastic properties in one direction different from that in perpendicular direction.
Orthotropic
