Transport Systems - Animals Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 3 of the 4 main components of blood.

A

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets & plasma

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2
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

transport oxygen

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3
Q

State 4 ways that red blood cells are adapted to carry out their job.

A
  1. bi-concave shape
  2. no nucleus
  3. contain haemoglobin
  4. small and flexible
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4
Q

What is formed when oxygen combines with haemoglobin?

A

oxyhaemoglobin

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5
Q

What do we call micro-organisms that enter the body and cause disease?

A

pathogens

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6
Q

Give 3 examples of pathogens.

A
  1. viruses
  2. bacteria
  3. fungi
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7
Q

Name the 2 main types of white blood cell.

A
  1. Phagocyte

2. Lymphocyte

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8
Q

Name the process that phagocytes carry out.

A

Phagocytosis

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9
Q

Describe phagocytosis.

A

Phagocyte engulfs and digests the pathogen.

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10
Q

Name the proteins made by lymphocytes that destroy pathogens.

A

antibodies

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11
Q

Why are many different types of antibodies required?

A

antibodies are specific to a particular pathogen

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12
Q

Name the top 2 chambers of the heart.

A

atria

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13
Q

Name the bottom 2 chambers of the heart.

A

ventricles

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14
Q

Where are the 4 valves in the heart.

A

a) between the atria and ventricles

b) between the ventricles and arteries

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15
Q

What is the function of the valves in the heart?

A

To keep the blood flowing in one direction

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16
Q

Where does blood travel to after the right atrium?

A

right ventricle

17
Q

Where does blood travel to after the right ventricle?

A

the lungs

18
Q

Name the blood vessel that carries blood to the lungs from the heart.

A

pulmonary artery

19
Q

Name the blood vessel that carries blood from the lungs to the heart.

A

pulmonary vein

20
Q

Which chamber does the pulmonary vein bring blood into?

A

left atrium

21
Q

Where does the blood travel to after the left atrium?

A

left ventricle

22
Q

Where does the blood travel to after the left ventricle?

A

rest of the body

23
Q

Name the blood vessel that transports blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.

A

Aorta

24
Q

Name the blood vessel that brings blood back to the heart from the rest of the body.

A

vena cava

25
Q

Which chamber in the heart does blood travel back to from the body via the vena cava?

A

right atrium

26
Q

Name the blood vessel that supplies the heart muscle with blood.

A

coronary artery

27
Q

Which blood vessels carry blood Away from the heart?

A

Arteries

28
Q

Which blood vessels carry blood back IN to the heart?

A

veIN

29
Q

Which blood vessels have to cope with the highest blood pressure?

A

arteries

30
Q

Which blood vessels have the largest central channel (lumen)?

A

veins

31
Q

Which blood vessels contain valves?

A

veins

32
Q

Which blood vessels allow the exchange of materials to take place?

A

capillaries

33
Q

Give 2 reasons why capillaries are good at exchanging materials.

A

a) thin walls

b) large surface area