Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are enzymes made of?

A

Protein

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2
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

Amino Acids

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3
Q

What makes one protein different from another?

A

The order of the amino acids

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4
Q

State 3 reasons why enzymes are described as biological catalysts.

A
  1. They are made in living cells
  2. They speed up chemical reactions
  3. They are not used up during the reaction
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5
Q

Structurally, why are enzymes specific to a substrate?

A

The shape of the active site of the enzyme is complementary to the shape of the substrate

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6
Q

What does specific mean?

A

One enzyme reacts with one substrate

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7
Q

What is the chemical called the enzyme reacts with?

A

Substrate

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8
Q

What is the chemical called that results from a reaction with the enzyme?

A

Product

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9
Q

What is it called when the substrate is broken down into a smaller product?

A

Degradation

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10
Q

What is it called when a substrate is built up into a bigger product?

A

Synthesis

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11
Q

Give an example of a degradation reaction.

A

SAM - Starch is broken down by Amylase into Maltose

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12
Q

Give an example of a synthesis reaction.

A

GPS

Glucose - 1- Phosphate is built up by Phosphorylase into Starch

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13
Q

What does the term optimum mean?

A

The condition at which the enzyme is most active

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14
Q

State 2 factors that can affect how active an enzyme is.

A

Temperature and pH

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15
Q

What is the optimum temperature for an enzyme?

A

37-40oC (check the graph)

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16
Q

What is the optimum pH for an enzyme?

A

It depends on the enzyme

17
Q

What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?

A

They become denatured

18
Q

What does denatured mean?

A

The active site of the enzyme changes shape so the reaction can no longer take place

19
Q

Where are enzymes made in a cell?

A

Ribosomes

20
Q

Where are hormones made in a cell?

A

Ribosomes