Transport system in humans

Question 1

Function of artery

Answer 1

Arteries transport oxygenated blood from the heart to other organs in the body
Have thick muscular and elastic walls to withstand high blood pressure coming from the heart

Question 2

Function of capillary

Answer 2

The walls of capillaries are one cell thick to allow plasma to diffuse out and gases(oxygen and carbon dioxide) and nutrients(glucose, amino acids and mineral salts) to diffuse through into the body network
Capillary network allows for more efficient exchange of substance between blood and cells.

Question 3

Function of vein

Answer 3

Most veins transport deoxygenated blood back from the heart to other organs of the body
Have relatively thin walls with less elastic tissue as flow of blood is slower and hence blood pressure is lower compared to arteries
Veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood. Valves are folds of the inner walls.

Question 4

Function of red blood cells

Answer 4

Carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of body parts

They have a circular biconcave shape which increases surface area for faster absorption of oxygen

Question 5

Function of white blood cells

Answer 5

Part of our body’s immune system, used to fight bacteria

• Has large nucleus
• Able to move around on itself

Question 6

Function of platelets

Answer 6

form clots and stop or prevent bleeding

Question 7

Function of plasma

Answer 7

Transport nutrients, hormones and proteins to parts of the body that needs it.

Question 8

Advantages of red blood cells not having any nucleus

Answer 8

Allows the red blood cells to have more hemoglobin. The more hemoglobin you have the more oxygen molecules you can carry. Therefore it allows red blood cells to transfer more oxygen.
Lack of nucleus in RBC allows the cell to have a unique biconcave shape that helps with diffusion

Question 9

Define phagocytosis

Answer 9

Phagocytosis is the process of cells ingesting other cells. White blood cells ingest bacteria to prevent them from damaging our body.

Question 10

Function of valves

Answer 10

Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Valves are the folds of inner walls.

Question 11

Function of Right Atrium

Answer 11

Pump blood to the lungs

Question 12

Function of Left Atrium

Answer 12

Pump blood to the whole body

Question 13

How does blood flow?

Answer 13

Blood enters the right atrium and passes through the right ventricle.The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs where it becomes deoxygenated.

Question 14

What is the function of pulmonary artery?

Answer 14

It moves deoxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.

Question 15

What is the function of pulmonary vein?

Answer 15

It collects the oxygenated blood and carry it from the lungs back to the heart.

Question 16

What is the function of aorta?

Answer 16

The aorta is the large artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to other pats of the body.