Transport Mechanism Flashcards
Movement of molecules across the cell membrane W/O the need for ENERGY. Relies on the concentration gradient, moving substances from HIGH to LOW concentration. (Solute moves from high to low)
Passive Transport
Molecules move directly through the lipid bilayers, from high to low concentration. SMALL, NONPOLAR MOLECULES movement
Simple Diffusion
Helps LARGER or POLAR MOLECULES move across the membrane. Uses proteins (channels or carriers) to transport substance.
Facilitated Diffusion
Water molecules move across a membrane through selective permeable membrane. Occurs when water moves from high to low concentration. (Solvent moves from high to low)
Osmosis
Process which cells move large molecules in and out of the cell using vesicles
Bulk Transport
Engulfs substances from outside the cell, forming a vesicle that brings them inside
Endocytosis
“Cell-eating” ingests large particles like bacteria
Phagocytosis
“Cell-drinking” Engulfs fluid and dissolved substances
Pinocytosis
Expels waste, secrete hormones, or release neurotransmitter
Exocytosis
A transport that requires the use of the cells energy. Molecule moves across the membrane AGAINST their concentration GRADIENT(low to high)
Active Transport
Cells energy, also known as ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate(ATP)
refers to the ability of a solution to affect water movement in and out of cells
Tonicity
LOWER concentration of solutes compared to the cell. Water enters the cell, causing it to swell. The cell may burst and called lysis in animal cells and becomes turgid in plant cell(healthy state)
Hypotonic Solution
The same concentration of solutes as the cell. Water moves in and out of the cell at the same rate(equilibrium)
Isotonic Solution
Higher concentration of solutes compared compared to the cell. Water leaves the cell, causing it shrink. called crenation in animal cells and plasmolysis in plant cells
Hypertonic Solution
