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Network+ > Transport Layer Protocol > Flashcards

Transport Layer Protocol Flashcards

1
Q

Port

A
  • Unique indentification number used to direct incoming packets to appropriate service or application
  • Multiple can be run simultaneously
  • 0-1023 are preassigned to well known server applications
  • Others must be assigned to applications to track requests
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2
Q

Socket

A
  • Port number used in conjunction with source IP.
  • Each socket is bound to software purpose.
  • Only one process can operate a socket at a given time
  • Connection is formed when client socket requests service from server socket.
  • Server socket can serve a number of client sockets.
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3
Q

TCP

A

Transmission Control Protocol

  • Works at Transport layer to provide connection-orients, guaranteed communications with acknowledgements confirm delivery.
  • Can be used for Unicast only
  • Missing packets can be resent
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4
Q

TCP Segment

A
  • Data from application layer is divided up and given header

- Becomes payload for underlying Datagrams

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5
Q

Source Port

A
  • Part of TCP segment header

- TCP Port Sending Host

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6
Q

Destination Port

A
  • Part of TCP segment header

- TCP port of destination host

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7
Q

Sequence Number

A
  • Part of TCP segment header
  • ID number of the current TCP segment
  • Allows receiver to rebuild message and deal with out of order packets
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8
Q

ack number

A
  • Part of TCP segment header
  • Sequence number of next segment expected from other host
  • allows for retransmission of missing data
  • Negative Acknowledgment (NAK or NACK) forces retransmission
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9
Q

Data length

A
  • Part of TCP segment header

- Length of TCP Segment

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10
Q

Flags

A
  • Part of TCP segment header

- Type of conent in segment (ACK, SYN, FIN etc.)

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11
Q

Window

A
  • Part of TCP segment header
  • Amount of data host is willing to receive before sending another ack
  • TCPs flow control can slow down traffic if one side is getting overwhelmed
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12
Q

Checksum

A
  • Part of TCP segment header
  • Ensures validity of segment
  • Calculated on the TCP header and payload but also part of IP header (source and destination addresses)
  • Process is different to calculate for IPV4 and v6
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13
Q

Urgent Pointer

A
  • If urgent data is being sent, specifies end of that data in segment
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14
Q

Options

A
  • Allows further connection parameters to be configured
  • Most important is Maximum Segment Size
  • Allows host to specify the size of segments to minimize fragmentation
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15
Q

TCP Handshake 1

A
  • Client sends segment with TCP flag SYN set to server with randomly generated number sequence. Client enters SYN-SENT state
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16
Q

TCP Handshake 2

A
  • Server (currently in LISTEN state) responds with SYN/ACK segment
  • segment contains random number sequence
  • Server enters SYN-RECEIVED state
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17
Q

TCP Handhsake 3

A
  • Client responds with an ACK segment

- Client assumes the connection is ESTABLISHED

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18
Q

TCP Handshake 4

A

Server opens connection with Client and enters ESTABLISHED state

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19
Q

TCP Teadown 1

A
  1. Client sends FIN segment to server and enters FIN-WAIT1 state
20
Q

TCP Teardown 2

A

Server responds with an ACK segments and enters CLOSE-WAIT state

21
Q

TCP Teardown 3

A
  • Client receives the ACK segment and enters FIN-WAIT2 state.
  • Server sends its own FIN segment to the client and goes to the LAST-ACK state
22
Q

TCP Teardown 4

A
  • Client responds with an ACK and enters TIME-WAIT state. After a defined period, client closes its connection
23
Q

TCP Teardown 5

A
  • Serve cloes connection when it recieves ACK form client
24
Q

RST segment

A
  • Can be used to end TCP sessions abruptly
  • Not typical behavior and should be investigated
  • Could be a faulty application or a sign of suspicious scanning activity
25
Q

UDP

A

User Datagram Protocol

  • Works on Transport Layer
  • Connectionless, not a guaranteed method of communication
  • No acknowledgments or flow control
  • Used to send small amounts of data in each packet
  • Used by application layer protocols to send multicast and broadcast traffic
  • Also used for time-sensitive data that do not need complete reliability, voice, and video.
  • Faster overall delivery
26
Q

Port 20

A

Transport Protocol: TCP
Service: ftp-data
Description: File Transfer Protocol - Data

27
Q

Port 21

A

Transport Protocol: TCP
Service: ftp
Description: File Transer Protocol - Control

28
Q

Port 22

A

Transport Protocol: TCP
Service: ssh/sftp
Description: Secure Shell/FTP over SSH

29
Q

Port 23

A

Transport Protocol: TCP
Service: Telnet
Description: Telnet

30
Q

Port 25

A

Transport Protocol: TCP
Service: smtp
Description: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

31
Q

Port 53

A

Transport Protocol: TCP/UDP
Service: domain
Description: Domain Name System

32
Q

Port 69

A

Transport Protocol: UDP
Service: tftp
Description: Trivial File Transfer Protocol

33
Q

Port 80

A

Transport Protocol: TCP
Service: http
Description: HTTP

34
Q

Port 110

A

Transport Protocol: TCP
Service: POP
Description: Post Office Protocol

35
Q

Port 123

A

Transport Protocol: UDP
Service: ntp/sntp
Description: Network Time Protocol/Simple NTP

36
Q

Port 143

A

Transport Protocol: TCP
Service: imap
Description: Internet Message Access Protocol

37
Q

Port 161

A

Transport Protocol: UDP
Service: snmp
Description: Simple Network Managment Protocol

38
Q

Port 389

A

Transport Protocol: TCP/UDP
Service: ldap
Description: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

39
Q

Port 443

A

Transport Protocol: TCP
Service: https
Description: HTTP-Secure (Secure Sockets Later(SSL)/ Transport Later Security (TLS)

40
Q

Port 445

A

Transport Protocol: TCP
Service: smb
Description: Server Message Block over TCP/IP

41
Q

Port 514

A

Transport Protocol: UDP
Service: syslog
Description: Syslog

42
Q

Port 587

A

Transport Protocol: TCP
Service: smtps
Description: SMTP-Secure

43
Q

Port 636

A

Transport Protocol: TCP
Service: ldaps
Description: LDAP-Secure

44
Q

Port 1521

A

Transport Protocol: TCP
Service: sqlnet
Description: Oracle SQL*Net

45
Q

Port 3389

A

Transport Protocol: TCP
Service: rdp
Description: Remote Desktop Protocol

46
Q

5060 and 5061

A

Transport Protocol: TCP/UDP
Service: sip and sips
Description: SIP and SIP-Secure

Network+ (36 decks)

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