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Network+ > Network Applications > Flashcards

Network Applications Flashcards

1
Q

HTTP

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

  • Enables clients (typically browsers) to request resources from HTTP server on port 80 by default
  • Requests resource with URL (uniform resource locator)
  • Server responds with either datea or error message
  • Data sent unencrypted and no authentication from client or server
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2
Q

HTTP Header

A
  • Defines the formats of the responses and requests to and from HTTP servers
  • Payload is usually HTML (Hypertext Markup Language).
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3
Q

Web Servers

A
  • HTTP Servers connected to the internet and hosting websites
  • Main platforms are Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS), Apache and nginx
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4
Q

Dedicated Server

A
  • Private HTTP server allocated by rented as service from ISP
  • Typically unmanaged or management has an additional cost
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5
Q

VPS

A

Virtual Private Server

  • ISP Allocated VM within a physical server
  • Isolated by a hypervisor
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6
Q

Cloud Hosting (HTTP Server)

A
  • Website runs on cloud on several hardware computers, allowing more scalability if needed
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7
Q

Shared Hosting (HTTP Server)

A
  • Website is hosted within private directory on shared server
  • Performance can be affected by other sites hosted on server because they all share resources
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8
Q

SSL/TLS

A

Secure Sockets Layer/ Transport Layer Security

  • Developed to address security problems with HTTP
  • Encrypts TCP connections
  • When used with HTTP is called HTTP Secure (HTTPS)
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9
Q

HTTPS

A

HTTP Secure

  • Web server is installed with digital certificate from certificate authority (CA)
  • Proves identity of server, assuming client also trusts CA
  • Certificate is wrapper for public/private encryption key pair
  • Server and client use certificate to set up an encrypted tunnel
  • Sent of port 443
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10
Q

FTP

A

File Transfer Protocol

  • Used to perform administrative upload/downloads for servers and appliances
  • Port 21 used for commands and status, but not to transfer data
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11
Q

Active FTP

A
  • Client sends PORT command specifying chosen data connection port
  • Server opens a connection between client port and port 20 on the server
  • Poses issues for some firewalls, as the server is initiating inbound connection
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12
Q

Passive FTP

A
  • Client opens data port
  • Sends PASV command to server control port
  • Server opens random high number port and sends to the client with PORT command
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13
Q

TFTP

A

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

  • Connectionless, running over UDP port 69
  • Not guaranteed delivery
  • Only suitable for small files
  • Only supports reading (GET) and writing(PUT) files.
  • Most commonly used by legacy network applications.
  • No security mechanisms
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14
Q

SFTP

A

Secure FTP

  • Encrypted authentication and data transfer between client and server
  • Secure link is created using SSH over TCP port 22
  • Command and data can then be sent over link without risk
  • Requires an SSH server that support SFTPs
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15
Q

Explicit TLS (FTPES)

A
  • Means of securing FTP over SSL/TLS
  • Use AUTH TLS to upgrade insecure connection over port 21 to secure one.
  • This protects authentication credentials
  • Data connection can be encrypted using PROT command
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16
Q

Implicit TLS (FTPS)

A
  • Negotiates SSL/TLS tunnel before exchange of FTP commands
  • Uses Port 990
  • Tricky to use with firewall
17
Q

SMB

A

Server Message Block

  • Provides File/Print Sharing Services over windows network
  • Allows hows to share directories and printers to other machines.
  • Typically run over Port 445
18
Q

Port 9100

A
  • Referred to as standard TCP/IP port, Appsocket, or JetDirect
  • Establishes TCP connection to transfer raw Page Description Language (PDL) and Printer Job Language (PJL)
  • Most common PDLs are PS and PCL
19
Q

IPP

A

Internet Printing Protocol

  • Adapted form of HTTP that uses port 631 and can be implemented as secure protocol (IPPS)
  • Provides better support for status messaging than port 9100
20
Q

WSD/AirPrint

A
  • Allow device to advertise service capabilities over network
  • Windows and Mac hosts can add device using play and play and manage it with status updates
21
Q

SQL

A

Structured Query Language

- Used to operate relational databases

22
Q

SMTP

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

  • Specifies how mail is delivered from one system to another.
  • Server SMTP server finds IP of recipient server using domain name of recipient email address
  • Recipient servers are registered in DNS for MX and A records
  • Tries to send message several times and delivers non-delivery report(NDR if it failed.
23
Q

SMTPS

A

Secure SMTP

- Works much like HTTPS with certificate on server and negotiations between client and server

24
Q

Port 25

A
  • Used to relay messages between SMTP servers

- If security is required STARTTLS command can be used to set up secure connection

25
Q

Port 587

A
  • Used by mail clients to submit messages for delivery by SMTP server
  • Servers configured for 587 should use STARTTLES and require authentication to send
26
Q

POP

A

Port Office Protocol

  • Allows user client email software to access mailbox server
  • Establishes connection to POP server on port 110
  • User is authenticated and contents are downloaded to local PC
  • Generally speaking, messages are deleted from mailbox server when they are downloaded
  • Can be secured with TLS using port 995
27
Q

IMAP

A

Internet Mesage Acces Protocol

  • Supports permanent connections to mailbox server and connecting multiple clients to mailbox at same time.
  • Also allows client to manage mailbox on server
  • Port 143.
  • Secure TLS connection on port TCP/993
28
Q

POTS

A

Plain old telephone service

- Legacy, analog voice service

29
Q

PBX

A

Private Branch Exchange

  • Automated switchboard allowing single connection point for orgs voice lines
  • Provides full phone system functionality over digital digital trunk line
30
Q

SIP

A

Session Initiation Protocol
- One of most widely uses session control protocols
- SIP endpoints are end user device, like IP handsets or client server web conference software
- Each device or user is assigned unique SIP Uniform Resource Code
Example: SIP:jaime@515support.com
Runs over UDP 5060 unsecured and 5061 secured.

31
Q

RTP

A

Real-time Transport Protocol

  • Manages delivery of data in real time
  • Uses UDP, but with some of the reliability features of TCP
  • Works closely with RTP Control Protocol
  • RTCP monitors session and send quality reports which can be used to modify session and aid QoS
32
Q

VoIP Phones

A
  • Use VLAN tagging to ensure SIP control and RTP media protocols can be segregated from normal traffic.
33
Q

Main Web Server Platforms

A
  • Apache, Microsft Internet Information Server(IIS) and nginx

Network+ (36 decks)

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