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NEET BOTONY > TRANSPORT IN PLANTS > Flashcards

TRANSPORT IN PLANTS Flashcards

1
Q

Types of transport

A

Diffusion facilitated diffusion active transport

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2
Q

diffusion

A

molecules move from high concentration to low concentration

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3
Q

diffusing particles create a pressure called

A

diffusion pressure

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4
Q

how is diffusion important in plants

A

only form of transport for gaseous molecules in plant

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5
Q

Diffusion depends on

A

concentration gradient membrane permeability temperature pressure size of substance (smaller substance diffuse faster)

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6
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

diffusion of hydrophilic substances along concentration gradient through fixed membrane proteins

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7
Q

why cant facilitated diffusion cause net movements of particles

A

because it requires energy

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8
Q

when is facilitated diffusion said to be saturated

A

when all transporter proteins are being used

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9
Q

membrane proteins for facilitated diffusion are very specific TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

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10
Q

Porins are ………. that form ……… pores in the outer membrane of ……….. , ……….. , ………… all allow ……….. size proteins to pass through

A

proteins large chloroplast mitochondira bacteria small

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11
Q

water channels are made of how many aquaporins

A

8

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12
Q

types of facilitated diffusion

A

uniport symport antiport

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13
Q

active tranport

A

movement of substances agaisnt the concentration gradient by using ATP

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14
Q

What are pumps

A

proteins that transport substances against concentration gradient (uphill transport)

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15
Q

saturation effect

A

all pumps are being used

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16
Q

movement of transport proteins is done by

A

active transport

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17
Q

what forms of transport respond to inhibitors

A

facilitated diffusion and active transport

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18
Q

how much % of watermelon is water

A

92 %

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19
Q

% of dry weight in herbaceous plants

A

10-15%

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20
Q

corn plant absorbs …… liter of water a day

A

3

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21
Q

mustard plant can absorb water equal to its own weight in

A

5 hours

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22
Q

water potential

A

free energy of water

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23
Q

water moves from (in terms of water potential)

A

hight water potential to low water potential

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24
Q

unit of water potential

A

pascal

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25
Q

water potential of pure water at standard temperature

A

0

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26
Q

define solute potential

A

decrease in water potential when solute is added to water (-ve)

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27
Q

how does pressure affect water potential

A

it increases it

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28
Q

at atm pressure water potential is equal to

A

solute potential

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29
Q

water potential =

A

pressure potential + solute potential

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30
Q

plant vacuole contains

A

vacuolar sap

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31
Q

what 2 membranes play an important role in movement of water in and out of the cell

A

cell membrane and tonoplast

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32
Q

osmosis

A

movement of solvent particles along the concentration gradient through a semi permeable membrane

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33
Q

osmosis is driven by 2 factors

A

pressure gradient

concentration gradient

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34
Q

osmotic pressure

A

pressure required to stop osmosis

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35
Q

osmotic pressure relation with osmotic potential (solute potential)

A

numerically equal

OP is +ve

SP is -ve

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36
Q

factors effecting osmotic pressure

A

concentration of solute

ionization of solute

hydration of solute particles

temperature

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37
Q

types of sollutions

A

hypertonic (more solute)

hypotonic (less solute )

isotonic

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38
Q
A
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39
Q

plasmolysis

A

withdrawal of protoplasm of the cell due to extensive loss of water

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40
Q

pressure developed by cytoplasm on the cell wall on entry of water

A

turgor pressure

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41
Q

pressure exerted by protoplast on entry of water on the cell wall

A

pressure potential

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42
Q

stages of plasmolysis

A

limiting (TP=0)

incipient (TP= -VE)

evident (TP= —-VE)

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43
Q

imbibition

A

immobilization of water on the surface of substances

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44
Q

imbibant

imbibate

A

solid

water

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45
Q

conditions for imbibition

A

water potential gradient

affintiy between the adsorbent (solid) and imbibed liqued

46
Q

best imbibant

A

phycocolloids

47
Q
A
48
Q

diffusion pressure deficit OR suction pressure

terms given by

A

meyer

renner

49
Q

what has maximum diffusion pressure

A

pure water

50
Q

what happens to diffusion pressure on adding of solutes

A

it decreases

51
Q

DPD is

A

difference in diffusion pressure of pure water and the solution

52
Q

water moves from (in terms of DPD)

A

low DPD to high DPD

53
Q

DPD=

A

OP-TP

54
Q

in turgid cell DPD=

A

0

55
Q

in turgid cell water potential =

A

0

56
Q

translocation

A

bulk movement of substances through vacular parts of plants

57
Q

xylem transports

A

water

mineral ions

organic nitrogen

hormones

58
Q

different pathways

A

apoplast pathway

symplast pathway

59
Q

least resistance in which pathway

A

apoplast

60
Q

apoplast blocked by

A

Casparian strip

61
Q

symplast pathway

neighboring cells are connected by

A

plasmodesamata

62
Q

symplast pathway aided by

A

cytoplasmic streaming

63
Q

movement in apoplast due to

A

transpiration pull

forces of cohesion and adhesion

64
Q

how much % water abosrbed passivle

A

96%

65
Q

water can be absorbed passively when the plant is

A

transpiring

66
Q

what pathway does passive absorption take

A

apoplastic

67
Q

what pathway does active absorption take

A

symplastic

68
Q

how much water is absorbed actively

A

4%

69
Q

how does availability of soil water effect absorption

A

more absorption , if more water

70
Q

how does soil air effect water absorption

A

roots require oxygen for development

water logged soil is called PHYSIOLOGICALLY DRY SOIL

71
Q

how does soil concentraion effect water absorption

A

highly concentrated soil inhibits absorption

aka PHYSIOLOGICALLY DRY SOIL

72
Q

Root pressure

A

active pumping on minerals causes a pressure to develop inside the xylem

+ve

73
Q

root pressure observed in which plants

A

herbaceous plants

74
Q

guttation

A

loss of water through the hydathodes of the plant due to high root pressure

75
Q

guttation observed during what part of the day

A

early morning

and night

76
Q

root pressure produces a pressure of …………….. causing a rise in

A

1-2 atm

10-20 m

77
Q

transpiration pull theory AKA

A

cohesion tension transpiration pull model

78
Q

transpiration pull theory introduced by

A

dixon and jolly

79
Q

properties of water that aid in its asent

A

cohesion

adhesion

surface tension

80
Q

cohesive force AKA

A

tensile strength

81
Q

tensile strentgh of water is

A

10-30 MPa

82
Q

types of transpiration

A

stomatal(50-97%)

cuticular(3-10%)

lenticular (0.1%)

bark(1%)

83
Q

inner wall of gaurd cell

and outer wall of guard cell is

A

thick and elastic

thin

84
Q

what aids in stomat opening

A

radial arangement of cellulose microfibrils

85
Q

shape of dicot and monocot stomata

A

kidney shape

dumbelle shape

86
Q

k malate theory by

A

Imamura and Fujino gave idea

Levitt explained

87
Q

explain k malte theory

A

starch

emp pathwat

PEP

PEPcase

oxalo acetic acid

malic acid

H+ and malate

K+ and Cl- from subsidiary cell

k+ and h+ antiport

kcl and k malate in vacuole

endosmosis

88
Q
A
89
Q

K male theory

at night

A

PEPcase non funtional as it is light-sensitive

accumulation of co2 in subsidiary cells

activates absisic acid

ABA blocks pump

and K+ and Cl- and water goes back to subsidiary cell

90
Q

how does light effect transpiration

A

Blue light causes most opening of stomate

blue and red very effective for opening therefore more transpiration

91
Q

how does humidity effect transpiration

A

humid , less transpiration

92
Q

how does temp effect transpiration

A

more temp , more transpiration

93
Q

how does wind effect transpiration

A

more wind , more transpiration

94
Q

how does availability of soil water effect transpiration

A

less water , less transpiration

95
Q

factors of leaf to prevent transpiration

A

thick cuticle

sunken stomata

narrow leaves

96
Q

how does root shoot ration effect transpiration

A

directly propotional

97
Q

cobalt chloride test

and jar test

prove

A

transpiration

98
Q

significance of transpiration

A

cooling effect

ascent of sap

maintains cell turgidity

99
Q

why are minerals activiely absorbed

A

1) membrane is impermeable to ions
2) higher conc of ions inside the root

100
Q

example of mobile elements

A

N,P,K,Mg

101
Q

examples of immobile elements

A

Ca, Fe

102
Q

deficiency of mobile elements first seen in

A

older parts of plant

103
Q

deficiency of immobile elements shown in

A

younger parts of plants

104
Q

mass flow hypothesis proposed by and elaborated by

A

munch

graft

105
Q

girdling experiment by

A

malphigi

106
Q

food transported as

A

sucrose

107
Q

phloem loading

phloem unloading

A

phloem enters companion cells actively

phloem leaves leaves the sieve tube actively to the sink

108
Q

phloem loading casues

A

drop in water potential and increase in osmotic pressure

109
Q

food moves ……. to ……….

A
110
Q

on girdling what is observed

A

upper part of girdled region swells up and is filled with nutrients

adventitious roots start growing

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