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NEET BOTONY > PLANT KINGDOM > Flashcards

PLANT KINGDOM Flashcards

1
Q

Name the classification systems

A

Artificial system of classification natural system of classification Phylogenetic system of classification

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2
Q

artificial system of classification is on the basis of

A

a few morphological characteristics

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3
Q

on what basis did Linnaeus classify angiosperms

A

on basis of androecium structure

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4
Q

proponents of artificial system of classification

A

Aristotle & Linnaeus

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5
Q

drawbacks of artificial system of classification

A

separated closely related species equal weightage to vegetative and sexual character

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6
Q

What was wrong in giving equal weightage to vegetative and sexual characters in artificial system of classification

A

vegetative characters were easily affected by the environment

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7
Q

natural system of classification is on the basis of

A

External and internal features (ultrastructure, anatomy, embryology and phytochemistry)

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8
Q

Proponents of natural system of classification

A

Benthem and Hooker

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9
Q

phylogenetic system of classification is on the basis of

A

evolutionary history

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10
Q

proponents of phylogenetic system of classification

A

Engler and Prantl, Hutchinson and Takhtajan

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11
Q

Types of taxonomy

A

Numerical taxonomy, cytotaxonomy and chemotaxonomy

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12
Q

Numerical taxonomy explain

A

+ , - , 0 Compares 100’s of characteristics while giving equal weightage

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13
Q

cytotaxonomy on the basis of

A

chromosome structure , number , and behavior

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14
Q

chemotaxonomy on the basis of

A

chemical constitution of plant

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15
Q

Plant kingdom divided into

A

Algae Bryophytes pteridophytes gymnosperms angiosperms

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16
Q

Name the tracheophytes

A

Pteridophytes gymnosperms angiosperms

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17
Q

Name the atracheophytes

A

algae bryophytes

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18
Q

types of sexual reproduction in the 5

A

Algae (oogamous, isogamous, anisogamous) Bryophytes (oogamous) pteridophytes (oogamous) gymnosperms (oogamous) angiosperms (oogamous)

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19
Q

Sec organs in algae

A

unicellular and non- jacketed

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20
Q

sex organs in bryophytes

A

antheridium archegonium

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21
Q

sex organs in pteridophytes

A

antheridium archegonium

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22
Q

sex organs in gymnosperms

A

pollen grain in microsporophyll archegonium

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23
Q

sex organs in angiosperms

A

stamen pistil

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24
Q

ovule first appears in

A

gymnosperms

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25
Q

ovary first appears in

A

angiosperms

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26
Q

spores nature in the 5

A

Algae (homosporous) bryophyte (homosporous) pteridophyte (homosporous{majority} & hetrosporus) gymnosperms (hetrosporus) angiosperm (hetrosporus)

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27
Q

name the embryophytes

A

bryophytes pteridophytes gymnosperms angiosperms

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28
Q

embryo appears for the first time in

A

bryophytes

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29
Q

Name the spermatophytes

A

gymno and angiosperms

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30
Q

seed appears for the first time in

A

gymnosperms

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31
Q

Name the phanerogams

A

gymno and angiosperms

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32
Q

name the cryptogams

A

algae bryophyte pteridophyte

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33
Q

fruits and flowers in

A

angiosperms

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34
Q

thalloid bodies in

A

algae and bryophytes

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35
Q

well differentiated body in

A

pteridophyte gymnosperms angiosperms

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36
Q

Algae divided into

A

Chlorophyceae Phaeophyceae Rhodophyceae

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37
Q

Name unicellular algae

A

Chlamydomonas

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38
Q

Name colonial algae

A

volvox & eudorina

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39
Q

Name filamentous algae

A

Ulothrix & spirogyra

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40
Q

Vegetative reproduction in algae by

A

fragmentation

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41
Q

most common asexual spore of algae

A

zoospore

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42
Q

zoospores are motile TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

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43
Q

sex organs in algae are

A

unicellular and non jacketed

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44
Q

Isogamous reproduction shown by which algae

A

ulothrix and spirogyra

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45
Q

Anisogamous reproduction is shown by which algae

A

Eudorina

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46
Q

Oogamous reproduction is shown by which algae

A

Volvox, fucus , polysiphonia

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47
Q

Gamet of ulothrix is (non flagellate OR flagellate)

A

flagellate

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48
Q

Gamet of spirogyra is (non flagellate OR flagellate)

A

non flagellate

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49
Q

Pigments in green algae

A

Chl a, chl b, carotene and xanthophyll

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50
Q

food stored in green algae as

A

oil droplets

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51
Q

storage body of green algae is called

A

pyrenoids

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52
Q

pyrenoids are located in

A

chloroplast

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53
Q

cell wall in green algae is made of

A

inner cellulose & outer pectose

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54
Q

pyrenoids contain

A

proteins and starch

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55
Q

vegetative reproduction in green algae is

A

fragmentation

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56
Q

asexual spore of green algae

A

zoospore

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57
Q

Name 6 green algae

A

Chlamydomonas, ulothrix, volvox , eudorina and chara

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58
Q

pigments in Phaeophyceae

A

Chl a , chl c , carotenoids, xanthophyll ( fucoxanthin)

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59
Q

what gives Phaeophycea brown colour

A

fucoxanthin

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60
Q

food in Phaeophyceae is stored as

A

laminarin and mannitol

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61
Q

brown algae have cell wall made of …… and covered in

A

cellulose algin

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62
Q

body in brown algae differentiated into

A

Holdfast (root-like) stipe (stem-like) frond (leaf like)

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63
Q

possess …….. for bouncy

A

air bladder

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64
Q

vegetative reproduction in brown algae

A

fragmentation

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65
Q

In oogamous reproduction gamets of brown algae fuse in

A

oogonium

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66
Q

female gamet of brown algea in oogamous reproduction

A

oosphere

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67
Q

examples of brown algae (6)

A

laminaria, ectocarpus , fucus, dictoyta , sargassum, macrocyctis

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68
Q

Pigments of red algae

A

chl a , chl b , phycoerythrin

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69
Q

which algae found in depth of oceans

A

red algae

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70
Q

cell wall of red algae made of

A

cellulose pectin hydrocolloids

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71
Q

Hydrocolloids in the cell wall of red algae is

A

agar , carrageen , funori

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72
Q

food stored as _____ in red algae

A

Floridian starch

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73
Q

Floridian starch is structurally similar to

A

amylopectin and glycogen

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74
Q

red algae sexual and asexual spores are …..

A

non motile

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75
Q

complex post fertilization development occours in which algae

A

red algae

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76
Q

4 examples of red algae

A

polysephonia , Porphyra , gracilaria , gellidium

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77
Q
A

volvox

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78
Q
A

chlamydomonas

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79
Q
A

chara

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80
Q
A

ulothrix

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81
Q
A

fucus

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82
Q
A

laminaria

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83
Q
A

porphyra

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84
Q
A

dictyota

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85
Q
A

polysiphonia

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86
Q

half of earths CO2 fixation is done by

A

algae

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87
Q

iodine source from algae

A

fucus

laminaria

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88
Q

protein source from algae

A

chlorella

spirulina

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89
Q

algae food source

A

porphyra , laminaria , sargassum

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90
Q

hydrocolloids obtained from

A

Gelidium and gracilaria

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91
Q

bryophytes are divided into

A

mosses and liverworts

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92
Q

name the archegoniates

A

Bryophytes , pteridophytes and gymnosperms

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93
Q

amphibians of the plant kingdom

A

bryophytes

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94
Q

why are amphibians of the plant kingdom called so

A

water is required for sexual reproduction

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95
Q

root like structure of bryophyte

A

rhizoid

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96
Q

gametophyte and sporophyte of bryophyte

A

dominant gametophyte and reduced sporophyte

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97
Q

gametophyte produced gamets by

A

mitosis

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98
Q

gametophyte of bryophyte consist of multicellular sex organs called

A

antheridium and archegonium

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99
Q

mass of sperm mother cells in bryophyte antheridium

A

androcytes

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100
Q

venter cavity of bryophyte archegonium contains

A

venter canal cells and oosphere

101
Q

first embryophyte

A

bryophyte

102
Q

in bryophyte, on fertilization of oosphere the zygote undergoes

A

mitosis to form an embryo that later forms a diploid multicellular sporophyte

103
Q

bryophyte sporophyte divided into

A

foot , capsule , seta

104
Q

spores are dispersed by …….. in bryophytes

A

wind

105
Q

once the spore of bryophyte lands on suitable substrate it either ………… like in ………….. or ………….. like in …………..

A

develops directly into thalloid gametophyte

liverworts

has a filamentous stage called protonema

mosses

106
Q

vegetative reproduction in bryophytes by

A

fragmentation

gemmae

budding

107
Q

name a thalloid liverwort

A

marchantia

108
Q

name a leafy liverwort

A

porella

109
Q

what are gemmae

A

green , multicellular , asexual buds

110
Q

gemmea develop into

A

gemmae cups

which detach from parent body to form new individual

111
Q

in what bryophyte is the sex organs produced on same thalli

A

Riccia

112
Q

in what bryophyte is the sex organs produced on different thalli

A

marchantia

113
Q

in marchantia the antheridium and archegonium are held on

A

antheridiophore

archegoniophore

114
Q

mosses gametophyte stage is divided into

A

filamentous protonema stage

&

leafy stage

115
Q

rhizoid comparison in liverworts and mosses

A

unicellular & unbranched

multicellular & branched

116
Q

antheridium and archegonium of mosses produces

A

biflagellate antherozoid

&

fertile egg

117
Q

spore disposal mechanism in liverworts and mosses

A

simple

comples

118
Q

leafy stage of mosses develops from the………. as a ……..

A

secondary protonema

lateral bud

119
Q

3 examples of liverworts

A

porella

marchantia

riccia

120
Q

3 examples of mosses

A

funaria

polytrichum

sphagnum

121
Q

importance of bryophytes

A

prevent soil erosion

soil formation

water retention

peat formation

122
Q

builds soil in rock crevices and fills ponds with soil

A

sphagnum

123
Q

has high water retention

used when plants get transported

A

sphagnum

124
Q

sphagnum AKA

A

bog moss

cotton moss

125
Q

peat produced by

A

dead parts of sphagnum carbonized over thousands of years

126
Q

use of peat

A

food fuel source

good manure

used to overcome soil alkinity

127
Q

which moss is used against kidney stones

A

polytrichum

128
Q
A

marchantia

129
Q
A

funaria

130
Q
A

sphagnum

131
Q

liverwort AKA

mosses AKA

A

hepaticopsida

bryopsida

132
Q

first terrestrial plants to posses vascular sysem

A

pteriophytes

133
Q

dominant phase in pteridophytes

A

sporophyte

134
Q

first plant to have true stem , roots and leaves

A

pteridophytes

135
Q

leaves in pteridophytes can be small or big

they are respectively called

A

microphyl and macrophyl

136
Q

pteridophytes

microphyll present in

macrophyl present in

A

selaginella

ferns

137
Q

leaves having sporangia are called

A

sporophylls

138
Q

sporangia contain

A

sporogenous tissue

139
Q

sporangenous tissue undergoes what type of division

A

sporic meiosis

140
Q

sporophyls compactly arranged into

A

strobili (cones)

141
Q

strobili present in

A

selaginella and equisetum

142
Q

homosporus pteridophytes

A

dryopteris

lycopodium

143
Q

heterosporus pteridophytes

A

marsiela

azolla

selaginella

salvinia

144
Q

gametophyte of pteridophyte is known as

A

prothallus

145
Q

homosporous pteridophytes are ………(dioecious/monoecious)

while heterosporous pteridophytes are …….

(dioecious/monoecious)

A

monoecious

dioecious

146
Q

pteridophytes thrive in

A

cool, damp, shady areas

therefor geographically restricted

147
Q

pteridophytes require water for fertilization

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

148
Q

pteridophyte sperm is (flagellated or non flagellated)

A

flagellated

149
Q

in pteridophytes, zygote develops into the embryo inside the

A

female gametophyte

150
Q

why can’t heterosporous cryptogams (selaginella, marsilea) produce seed

A
151
Q

pteridophytes are divided into

A

psilopsida

lycopsida

sphenopsida

pteridopsida

152
Q

example of psilopsida

A

psilotum

153
Q

example of lycopsida

A

lycopodium and selaginella

154
Q

example of sphenopsida

A

equistem

155
Q

equisetum AKA

A

horse tail

156
Q

example of pteridopsida

A

Dryopteris

pteris

adiantum

azolla

157
Q

dryopteris and adiantum AKA

A

male shield fern

walking fern , maidenhair dern

158
Q

anthelmintic drug obtained from

A

dryopteris

159
Q

pteridophyte that is a good source of starch

A

marsilea

160
Q

which pteridophyte is used for polishing metals and scouring

A

equisetum

161
Q
A

Equisetum (horse tail)

162
Q
A

terrestrial fern

163
Q
A

salvinia

164
Q
A

selaginella

165
Q

most primitive and advanced of the pteridophytes

A

psilopsida

pteridopsida

166
Q

which pteridophyte is used as a biofertilizer

A

azolla

167
Q

The Sequoia (redwood tree) is ONE OF THE TALLEST trees in the world

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

168
Q

dominant body in gymnosperms

A

sporophyte

169
Q

root system in gymnosperms

A

tap root system

170
Q

root comparison in pinus and cycas

A

roots associated with fungi , forming mycorrhiza

coralloid roots associated with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria

171
Q

seed comparison in pinus and cycas

A

winged

non winged

172
Q

stem comparison in pinus and cycas

A

branched

unbranched

173
Q

pollen comparison in pinus and cycas

A

monoecious

dioecious

174
Q

leaves of pinus

A

thin , reduced , needle like

thick cuticle

sunken stomata

175
Q

leaves of cycas

A

initially pinnately compound then becomes palmately compound

176
Q

shape of the leaves of ginkgo biloba

A

fan shaped

177
Q

gymnosperms

microsporophylls are compactly arranged to form

A

male strobilli

178
Q

gymnosperms

microsporophylls bear

A

microsporangia

179
Q

gymnosperms

microsporangia bear

A

microspore mother cell

180
Q

gymnosperms

microspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to form

A

microspore

181
Q

gymnosperms

microspore develops into

A

male gametophyte

182
Q

male gametophyte in gymnosperms are

A

reduced to only a few cells (pollen grain)

183
Q

gymnosperms

megasporophylls are compactly arranged to form

A

female strobilli

184
Q

gymnosperms

megasporophyll contain

A

integumented megasporangia (ovule)

185
Q

gymnosperms

ovule consists of

A

nucellus

186
Q

Gymnosperms

male and female reproductive bodies are bourne on the same tree in ………… and different tree in …………

A

pinus

cycas

187
Q

gymnosperms

how many archegonia on the female gametophyte

A

2

188
Q

gymnosperms

female gametophyte is retained within the megasporangium

TRUE OR FALSE

A

TRUE

therefor seed habit observed for the first time

189
Q

Edible seeds of Pinus gerardiana

A

chilgoza

190
Q

what kind of wood do gymnosperms possess

A

soft wood

191
Q

soft wood is used for making

A

furniture , railway sleepers , match sticks , paper

192
Q

what is used to make fiber boards

A

needles of pinus

193
Q

ephendrine drug is obtained from and is used for

A

ephedra

respiratory ailments

194
Q

drug taxol is obtained from and is used for

A

bark of taxus

anticancerous drug

195
Q

ploidy of endosperm of gymnosperm

A

haploid

196
Q
A

cycas

197
Q
A

pinus

198
Q
A

cedrus

199
Q
A

Ginkgo biloba

200
Q

fruiting plant

A

angiosperm

201
Q

ovary observed for first time

A

angiosperm

202
Q

smallest angiosperm

A

wolfia

203
Q

tallest angiosperm

A

eucalaptus

204
Q

angioseprm divided into

A

monocot and dicot

205
Q

sex organ of angiosperm

A

stamen and carpel

206
Q

stamen divided into

A

filament and anther

207
Q

carpel divided into

A

stigma

style

ovary

208
Q

where is the placenta present in the ovary

A

ovarian cavity

209
Q

number of ovules in an ovary =

1 (give example)

many (give example)

A

wheat, mango

papaya, watermelon

210
Q

angiosperm

functional megaspore develops into

A

female gametophyte

211
Q

angiosperm

female gametophyte AKA

A

embryo sac

212
Q

structure of embryo sac

A

3 antipodal cells

1 central cell

2 synergid cells

1 egg

213
Q

number of cells and number of nuclei in an embryo sac

A

7 cells

8 nuclei

214
Q

the pollen tube enters the embryo sac through the

A

chalazal end

215
Q

pollen grain contains how many gamets

A

2

216
Q

polar nuclei of embryosac fuse to form

A

diploid secondary nucleus

217
Q

what do each of the 2 male gamets do in angiosperm

this even is known as

A

1 fertilizes the egg cell to form the zygote

while the other fuses with the secondary nuclear to form TRIPLOID primary endosperm nucleus

double fertilization

218
Q

double fertilization is unique to

A

angiosperm

219
Q

what happens to the synergid cells and antipodal cells after fertilization

A

they degenerate

220
Q

angiosperm

zygote develops into

ovule develops into

ovary develops into

A

embro

seed

fruit

221
Q

medicines are obtained from which angiosperms

A

quinine

belladonna

ashwagandha

222
Q

angiosperm provide what type of wood

A

hard wood

223
Q

hardwood is obtained from

A

sisham

teak

oak

sandlewood

224
Q

types of life cycles

A

haplontic

diplontic

haplo-diplontic

225
Q

in haplontic life cycle diploid phase is represented by

A

a single zygote

226
Q

plants showing haplontic life cycle

A

most algae

227
Q

plants showing diplontic life cycle

A

angio and gymnosperms

228
Q

algae that shows diplontic life cycle

A

fucus

229
Q

haplodiplontic life cycle is shown by

A

bryophytes and pteridophytes

230
Q

haplodiplontic life cycle of bryophytes

A

dominant gametophyte

sporophyte dependent on the gametophyte

231
Q

haplodiplontic life cycle of pteriophyte

A

dominant sporophyte but gametophyte independent of sporophyte

232
Q

algae showing haplodiplontic life cycle

A

ectocarpus , laminaria, polysiphonia

233
Q

explain zooidogamy

and give exmples that show this

A

motile male gamete reach female gamete by swiming

algae , bryophyte , pteridophyte

234
Q

explain sphinogamy

A

non-motile male gamete reach female gemete via pollen tube

gymno and angiosperm

235
Q

sulphur shower due to which plant

A

pinus

236
Q

smallest gymnosperm

A

zamia

237
Q

largest gymnosperm

A

sequoia

238
Q

in gymnosperms what do

1) testa, tegmen and perisperm
2) endosperm
3) plumule, radicle , suspensors and cotyledons

represent

A

1) parental sporophye
2) female gametophyte
3) future sporophyte

239
Q

name the living fossils of plant kingdom

A

cycas , ginkgo , metasequoia

240
Q

connecting link between Cyclades and conifers

A

ginkgo biloba

241
Q

largest ovule found in

A

cycas revoluta

242
Q

largest cone found in

A

cycas circinalis

243
Q

largest male and female gamete

A

cycas

244
Q

red algea has what type of sexual reproduction

A

oogamous

245
Q

are gemme present in mosses

A

no

246
Q
A
247
Q

Is there a gymnosperm that has a motile male gamete

If yes give an example

A

Yes

cycas

248
Q

what forms the egg apparatus

A

egg cell and synergid cells

249
Q
A

NEET BOTONY (3 decks)

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