Transport In Plants

Question 1

What does the xylem transport?

Answer 1

Water and mineral ions

Question 2

How is the xylem supported from collapse?

Answer 2

Lignin (dead cells) in walls

Question 3

What do bordered pits allow xylem to do?

Answer 3

Pass water to respiring cells

Question 4

What is capillary action?

Answer 4

Force of attraction to get water to sides of vessels

Question 5

What does the phloem transport?

Answer 5

Sucrose and assimulates

Question 6

What does sucrose dissolve into when mixed with water?

Answer 6

Cell sap

Question 7

Where does sieve tube elements form.

Answer 7

End of cells in phloem

Question 8

What are companion cells and where are they located?

Answer 8

Along side sieve tubes containing lots of mitochondria to aid in respiration

Question 9

What are plasmodesmata?

Answer 9

Strands of cytoplasm allowing assimulates to pass into adjacent cells between sieve tube elements and companion cells

Question 10

What are dicotyledonous plants?

Answer 10

Plants containing organs that are the main food source for embyos

Question 11

Draw what a xylem and phloem look like in the root, leaf and stem

Answer 11

Root xylem: star shape with phloem in a circle around xylem

Stem: xylem is circular with oval phloem overlapping it

Leaf: midrib angular

Question 12

What are the properties of root hair cells?

Answer 12

Thin
Large SA:V

Question 13

What is the water potential from root to stem?

Answer 13

High to low down the concentration gradient more negative

Question 14

Describe the apoplast pathway

Answer 14

Water moves through intracellular spaces between cell wall

Question 15

Describe the symplast pathway

Answer 15

Water goes through the cytoplasm and vacuole of cell

Question 16

What is the casparian strip?

Answer 16

End of apoplast pathway. It is waterproof and made of suberin

Question 17

What is mass flow?

Answer 17

Mass movement of water through a plant from high to low pressure

Question 18

Where does root pressure increase?

Answer 18

Xylem

Question 19

What is the Transpiration pull?

Answer 19

When water lost in mesophyll is replaced by the xylem

Question 20

How does water leave plants?

Answer 20

Water turns into water vapour and diffuses out of leaf via a concentration gradient making the water potential more negative in stomata

Question 21

Provide evidence of cohesion theory

Answer 21

Cut flowers leak water but draw up air

Question 22

What does a photometer measure?

Answer 22

Water uptake

Question 23

How does light intensity effect respiration?

Answer 23

Higher intensity fater rate

Question 24

How does light intensity effect respiration?

Answer 24

Higher intensity faster rate

Question 25

How does temperature effect Transpiration?

Answer 25

Increases evaporation rate and diffusion

Question 26

How does humidity effect Transpiration?

Answer 26

Decreases rate of water loss

Question 27

How does wind effect Transpiration?

Answer 27

Maintains high water vapour gradient

Question 28

How does water availability effect Transpiration?

Answer 28

Stomata closes if there is not enough water vapour

Question 29

Define translocation

Answer 29

Transport of assimulates from source to sink through phloem

Question 30

Give an example of a source and sink

Answer 30

Root Leaf

Question 31

What is mass flow theory?

Answer 31

When sucrose is moved into companion cells and along with H+ ions via active transport they are then moved into the sieve tube elements via facilitated diffusion through plasmodesmata. In the sieve tube elements the sucrose and assimulates move down the concentration gradient

Question 32

What is a xerophyte?

Answer 32

Organism that had adapted to survive in conditions with minimal water

Question 33

Name some adaptations of a xerophyte

Answer 33

Hairy leaves Packed spongy mesophyll

Question 34

What is a hydrophyte?

Answer 34

An organism adapted to survive in areas with little water

Question 35

Name some adaptations of a hydrophyte

Answer 35

Stomata on up side of leaf

Question 36

What is a halophyte?

Answer 36

An organism that lives in high salt containing soil