Transport In Animals

Question 1

What is an open system?

Answer 1

No vessels, blood bathes cells with nutrients

Question 2

How many vessels are there in a single system?

Answer 2

2

Question 3

What is unique about a partial double circulatory system?

Answer 3

Blood is never fully oxygenated

Question 4

Name the properties of an artery

Answer 4

Crinkled inside wall
Thick lumen
High pressures

Question 5

Name the properties of an arteriole

Answer 5

Little pressure
Link artery to capillaries

Question 6

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 6

Constriction of blood flow

Question 7

What is vasodilation?

Answer 7

Dilation of blood flow to capillaries

Question 8

Name some properties of a capillary

Answer 8

Large surface area
Made of endothelial cells

Question 9

Name some properties of veins and venuoles

Answer 9

Low pressure
Have valves

Question 10

What are the 3 large proteins carried in plasma?

Answer 10

Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulins

Question 11

What percentage of blood is plasma?

Answer 11

55%

Question 12

What are some of the functions of blood?

Answer 12

Chemical messages
Maintains body temperature

Question 13

What are the 4 layers of an artery from inside to outside?

Answer 13

Lumen
Endothelial cells
Smooth muscle
Elastin and collagen

Question 14

What is hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 14

Force exerted by blood in vessels

Question 15

What is oncotic pressure?

Answer 15

Pulls back fluid to capillary and opposes hydrostatic pressure

Question 16

What is tissue fluid?

Answer 16

Fluid that permeates between individual cells

Question 17

Name something that leaves the blood

Answer 17

Amino acids
Water
Glucose

Question 18

What happens to oncotic pressure when water moves out of that area?

Answer 18

Decreases becoming more negative value

Question 19

How much tissue fluid is turned into lymph in the lymphatic system?

Answer 19

10%

Question 20

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 20

Red pigment in erythrocytes that binds oxygen

Question 21

What is a red blood cell called?

Answer 21

Erythrocytes

Question 22

What does affinity mean?

Answer 22

The ability to bind

Question 23

What does dissociate mean?

Answer 23

The ability to be released

Question 24

What does a steep increase on an oxygen dissociation curve show?

Answer 24

High affinity of oxygen

Question 25

How is fetal haemoglobin different from an adults?

Answer 25

Higher affinity of oxygen as its in competition woth the mothers blood for oxygen

Question 26

Describe the chloride shift

Answer 26

Carbon dioxide and water is produced during respiration which then diffuse into red blood cells. Carbonic anhydrase then converts this into H2CO3 forming H+ and HCO3- ions. The HCO3- ions leave the cell and Cl- ions move in to balance charges. Haemoglobonic acid is produced in respiratory tissues

Question 27

Order the 3 stages of the heart cycle

Answer 27

Atria systole, ventricular systole, diastole

Question 28

What does myogenic mean?

Answer 28

Beats by itself

Question 29

Is cardiac muscle Voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 29

Involuntary

Question 30

Outline the roles of the SAN node, AVN node and purkyne fibres

Answer 30

An electrical impulse is created in the SAN node which passes over both atria until it reaches the nonconductive tissue. The AVN node then continues the electrical impulse over the ventricles and through the bundle of his to the purkyne fibres which stimulate the contraction of the ventricles

Question 31

How is the heart supplied with oxygenated blood?

Answer 31

Coronary arteries

Question 32

What is tachycardia?

Answer 32

Fast heat rate over 120bpm

Question 33

What is bradycardia?

Answer 33

Slow heart rate, below 60bpm

Question 34

What is a normal healthy heart rate?

Answer 34

72bpm

Question 35

What is a normal healthy heart rate?

Answer 35

72bpm