Transport In Animals Flashcards
What is an open system?
No vessels, blood bathes cells with nutrients
How many vessels are there in a single system?
2
What is unique about a partial double circulatory system?
Blood is never fully oxygenated
Name the properties of an artery
Crinkled inside wall
Thick lumen
High pressures
Name the properties of an arteriole
Little pressure
Link artery to capillaries
What is vasoconstriction?
Constriction of blood flow
What is vasodilation?
Dilation of blood flow to capillaries
Name some properties of a capillary
Large surface area
Made of endothelial cells
Name some properties of veins and venuoles
Low pressure
Have valves
What are the 3 large proteins carried in plasma?
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulins
What percentage of blood is plasma?
55%
What are some of the functions of blood?
Chemical messages
Maintains body temperature
What are the 4 layers of an artery from inside to outside?
Lumen
Endothelial cells
Smooth muscle
Elastin and collagen
What is hydrostatic pressure?
Force exerted by blood in vessels
What is oncotic pressure?
Pulls back fluid to capillary and opposes hydrostatic pressure
What is tissue fluid?
Fluid that permeates between individual cells
Name something that leaves the blood
Amino acids
Water
Glucose
What happens to oncotic pressure when water moves out of that area?
Decreases becoming more negative value
How much tissue fluid is turned into lymph in the lymphatic system?
10%
What is haemoglobin?
Red pigment in erythrocytes that binds oxygen
What is a red blood cell called?
Erythrocytes
What does affinity mean?
The ability to bind
What does dissociate mean?
The ability to be released
What does a steep increase on an oxygen dissociation curve show?
High affinity of oxygen
How is fetal haemoglobin different from an adults?
Higher affinity of oxygen as its in competition woth the mothers blood for oxygen
Describe the chloride shift
Carbon dioxide and water is produced during respiration which then diffuse into red blood cells. Carbonic anhydrase then converts this into H2CO3 forming H+ and HCO3- ions. The HCO3- ions leave the cell and Cl- ions move in to balance charges. Haemoglobonic acid is produced in respiratory tissues
Order the 3 stages of the heart cycle
Atria systole, ventricular systole, diastole
What does myogenic mean?
Beats by itself
Is cardiac muscle Voluntary or involuntary?
Involuntary
Outline the roles of the SAN node, AVN node and purkyne fibres
An electrical impulse is created in the SAN node which passes over both atria until it reaches the nonconductive tissue. The AVN node then continues the electrical impulse over the ventricles and through the bundle of his to the purkyne fibres which stimulate the contraction of the ventricles
How is the heart supplied with oxygenated blood?
Coronary arteries
What is tachycardia?
Fast heat rate over 120bpm
What is bradycardia?
Slow heart rate, below 60bpm
What is a normal healthy heart rate?
72bpm
What is a normal healthy heart rate?
72bpm
