Transport In Animals Flashcards

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1
Q

Need for a transport system

A

Size
SA:volume
Level of metabolic activity

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3
Q

Good transport system properties

A

Fluid carry nutrients/oxygen/waste (blood)

Pump to create pressure of the fluid (heart)

Exchange surface to transfer substances through blood (capillaries)

Tubes/vessels to carry blood

2 circuits, pick up O₂ and deliver to tissues

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4
Q

In single circulatory systems…

A

Blood flow rate is slow and there’s low pressure

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5
Q

Circuit where blood flows to lungs

A

Pulmonary circulation

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6
Q

Circuit where oxygen is transported around body and tissues

A

Systemic circulation

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7
Q

Open circulatory system

A

Blood not in vessels
Fluid bathes tissues/cells
Movement of body/muscular pumping circulates

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8
Q

What’s bad about open circulatory systems?

A

Low blood pressure so slow flow

Circulation affects by body movements or lack of

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9
Q

What’s good about closed circulatory systems?

A

High pressure so quick flow and rapid delivery/rapid removal

Transport is separate from body movements

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10
Q

Vessels’ inner layer, single layer of cells

A

Endothelium

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11
Q

Arteries take blood ____ ____ ___ _____ with ____ ________

A

Away from the heart

High pressure

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12
Q

Artery structure to deal with high pressure

Standard structure of artery

A

Thick wall to withstand it
Small lumen to keep it

Inner layer is elastic tissue/fibre to stretch wall and maintain pressure
Middle layer is smooth muscle
Outer layer is collagen fibres for strength for pressure

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13
Q

Veins carry blood ____ __ ___ ____ at ___ ________

A

Back to the heart

Low pressure

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14
Q

Vein structure

A

Thin walls
Large lumen
No need to stretch/ recoil because has valves

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15
Q

Venules carry blood from…

A

Capillaries to veins

Walls consist of thin muscle/elastic tissue outside endothelium and thin outer collagen

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16
Q

Arterioles are…

A

Small vessels that carry blood from the artery to capillaries

Smooth muscle constricts arterioles to direct blood to parts

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17
Q

WBC

A

Leucocytes + platelets

18
Q

Capillary structure

A

Thin walls
Narrow lumen
Walls are a single layer of endothelial cells
Leaky walls to allow blood plasma and dissolved substances through

19
Q

Tissue fluid is…

A

Plasma leaking from capillaries and surrounding tissues
Supplies tissues with oxygen and nutrients
Happens by mass flow not diffusion

20
Q

When exchange at capillaries occurs, diffusion happens between

A

Tissue fluid and cells

Nutrients and O₂ goes into cells and waste comes out of cells

21
Q

Hydrostatic pressure is…

It pushes…

A

What the fluid exerts when pushing sides of vessel

Blood fluid out of capillaries at the arteriole end, only dissolved O₂ and nutrients pass because RBC and WBC are too big

22
Q

At the venous part of the capillary the…

So…

A

Pressure is low

Allows tissue fluid back with the waste CO₂

23
Q

Some tissue fluid goes to the……… which……

A

Lymphatic system

returns excess fluid back to the blood system

24
Q

Why does size affect the need for a transport system?

A

A bigger size means cells are further from the surface so increased diffusion path