transport in animals

Question 1

what is the circulatory system?

Answer 1

a system of blood vessels with a pump and valves

Question 2

what types of circulation are there?

Answer 2

• single circ.
• double circ.

Question 3

what is single circ?

Answer 3

when blood flows through the heart once

Question 4

what is double circ?

Answer 4

when blood flows through the heart twice

Question 5

what is pulmonary circ?

Answer 5

circ. between heart and lungs

Question 6

what is systemic circ?

Answer 6

circ. between heart and body parts

Question 7

what is coronary circ?

Answer 7

circ. of blood within the heart

Question 8

what are the advantages of double circ?

blood moving slowly into lungs, higher metabolic rates

Answer 8

• blood moves slowly into the lungs due to lower pressure (so that there is time for oxygen to diffuse into the blood)
• maintains higher metabolic rates to facilitate high energy demands of mammals
• prevents mixing of oxygenated + deoxygenated blood :b

Question 9

where is the tricuspid valve found?

Answer 9

between the right atrium and ventricle

Question 10

where is the bicuspid/mitral valve found?

Answer 10

between the left atrium and vetricle

Question 11

which are the atrioventricular (A-V) valves?

Answer 11

• tricuspid valve
• bicuspid/mitral valve

Question 12

which are the semilunar valves?

Answer 12

• pulmonary valve
• aortic valve

Question 13

where is the pulmonary valve found?

Answer 13

at the base of the pulmonary artery

Question 14

where is the aortic valve found?

Answer 14

at the base of the aorta

Question 15

the term renal refers to?

Answer 15

the kidney

Question 16

the term hepatic refers to?

Answer 16

the liver

Question 17

what does the hepatic artery do?

Answer 17

it supplies oxygenated blood from the heart to the liver

Question 18

what does the hepatic vein do?

Answer 18

it carries deoxygenated blood from the liver to the heart

Question 19

what does the renal artery do?

Answer 19

it supplies oxygenated blood from the heart to the kidney

Question 20

what does the renal vein do?

Answer 20

it carries deoxygenated blood from the kidney to the heart

Question 21

what does the hepatic portal vein do?

Answer 21

it carries deoxygenated blood from the liver to the intestines

Question 22

contracting of the chambers of the heart is ____________

Answer 22

systole

Question 23

relaxing of the chambers of the heart is __________

Answer 23

diastole

Question 24

when exercising, your muscles need more ______ ______ ___________

Answer 24

energy from respiration

Question 25

for more energy, _____ & ______ is needed which is supplied by the blood

Answer 25

oxygen and glucose

Question 26

the heart rate therefore ______ during exercise

Answer 26

increase

Question 27

what is the equation for this process?

Answer 27

oxygen + glucose = co2 + h20 + energy

Question 28

what is plasma?

Answer 28

it is the liquid, straw-colored liquid that carries platelets to help the blood clot.
it carries useful materials like:
- glucose
- amino acids
- proteins
- minerals
and it also carries waste materials like carbon dioxide and urea

Question 29

what are platelets?

Answer 29

they are cell fragments that help in blood clotting

Question 30

what are the advantages of blood clotting?

Answer 30

• prevents the loss of blood
• prevents the entry of pathogens

Question 31

what is the process of blood clotting?

Answer 31

• when platelets detect unfamiliar surface, they activate thrombin to turn fibrinogen into fibrin
• fibrin forms a mesh of fibres which traps rbc to form a plug
• the plug dries out to form a scab
  -the scab falls the new tissue is completely regenerated, sometimes leaving a scar.