coordination and response

Question 1

what is the central nervous system (cns) made up of?

Answer 1

the brain and spinal chord

Question 2

what is the peripheral nervous system (pns) made up of?

Answer 2

nerves

Question 3

what is a neurone?

Answer 3

the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system

Question 4

what are the 3 types of neurones?

Answer 4

• sensory neurone
• motor neurone
• relay/interneurone

Question 5

what is the function of the sensory neurone?

Answer 5

to carry impulses from receptor to cns

Question 6

what is the function of the motor neuron?

Answer 6

to carry impulses from cns to effector

Question 7

what is the function of the relay neurone?

Answer 7

to coordinate the response, linking neruones to cns

Question 8

?????

Answer 8

stimulus→receptor→coordination→effector→response

Question 9

which two systems oversee coordination in the body?

Answer 9

• nervous system
• endocrine system

Question 10

what is the function of the myelin sheath?

(insulator, speeding up)

Answer 10

to act as an insulator to the axon and speeding up the nerve impulses passing down it, travelling at a speed of 100m/s

Question 11

where is the relay neurone found?

Answer 11

the brain and spinal cord

Question 12

what is reflex action?

Answer 12

it is a quick, involuntary, automatic response to a stimulus

Question 13

what is the reflex arc?

nerve pathway; reflex action

Answer 13

the nerve pathway of a reflex action

Question 14

what is the order of the reflex arc?

Answer 14

sensory neurone→relay neurone→motor neurone→effector→effector→response

Question 15

what is synapse?

Answer 15

the junction between two neurones.

Question 16

what are sense organs?

receptor cells … responding to stimuli

Answer 16

groups of receptor cells responding to specific stimuli

Question 17

what do synapses ensure?

Answer 17

they ensure the travel of impulses in one direction ONLY

Question 18

describe the events at a synapse

Answer 18

• an impulse stimulates release of neurotransmitter molecules from vesicles into synaptic cleft.
• the neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the gap
• neurotransmitters bind with receptor proteins on the the next neurone
• impulse is then stimulated in the next neurone

Question 20

what is a hormone?

Answer 20

a chemical substance, produced by a gland and carried by the blood, which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs

Question 21

how many glands are in the body?

Answer 21

6!!

Question 22

name the 6 glands in the body

Answer 22

• pituitary
• thyroid
• pancreas
• andrenals
• testes
• ovaries

Question 23

what does fsh stand for?

Answer 23

follicle stimulating hormone

Question 24

what does lh stand for

Answer 24

Luteinising hormone

Question 25

what does adh stand for

Answer 25

anti-diuretic hormone

Question 26

what does thyroxine do?

Answer 26

Controls the body's metabolic rate

Question 27

what does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 27

insulin and glucagon

Question 28

what does insulin do?

Answer 28

It raises blood glucose

Question 29

What does glucagon do?

Answer 29

Raises blood glucose

Question 30

What does adrenaline do?

Answer 30

It prepares the body for physical activity

Question 31

What does testosterone do?

Answer 31

It controls development of male secondary sexual characteristics

Question 32

What does oestrogen do?

Answer 32

It controls developmeny of female secondary sexual characteristics

Question 33

What does progesterone?

Answer 33

It regulates the menstrual cycle