transport in animals Flashcards
define circulatory system
a system of
blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure
one-way flow of blood
what kind of circulatory system do fish have?
single circulatory system
- blood passes through the heart
- on one complete circuit of the body.
what kind of circulatory system do mammals have?
double circulatory system
* blood passes through the heart
* twice on one complete circuit of the body
What’s pulmonary circulation?
The first circuit: heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to take in oxygen. oxygenated blood then returns to the heart
what’s systemic system?
heart pumps oxygenated blood around all the other organs of the body to deliver oxygen to the body cells.
Advantages of double blood circulation
- Allows animals to have high metabolic rates
- Allows animals to be large / tall
- Prevents mixing of oxygenated & deoxygenated blood
- Higher blood pressure then single circulation.
- Allows different blood pressure in each loop (slower in pulmonary system, then higher in systemic system)
- Cells provided with oxygen and glucose faster
Function of Atrioventricular valve
Prevent backflow of blood into atria from ventricles.
Function of semilunar valve
Prevent backflow of blood into ventricles from aorta/pulmonary artery/atria
Function of septum
separates deoxygenated & oxygenated blood.
What part of the heart has thickest muscle?
Left ventricle. has to pump blood around whole body at high pressure.
diff ways to monitor activity of heart
- ECG electrocardiograph
- pulse rate
- listening to sounds of valves closing (stethoscope)
define CHD, causes, prevention
disease caused by blockage of coronary arteries.
causes:
male then female, stress, smoking, old, diet of saturated fats/salts, lack of exercise, genetic predispositon
prevention:
diet & excercise.
High BP, blood cholesterol level (LDL) cause fatty deposits to form in arteries.
Reduce salt in diet, regular excerise to reduce BP.
Reduce saturated fat, meat, animal oils to reduce LDL
effect of physical activity on heart rate
excercising - muscles need more energ - you respire more.
more oxygen needed to remove co2. blood has to flow faster, heart rate increases.
1. high lvl of co2 detected by receptors in 2 of the arteries
2. receptors send impulses to brain
3. brain sends impulses to heart, causing it to contract frequently with more force.
describe structure and function of arteries, capillaries, veins
arteries
* structure: muscular walls
function: resist pressure
* structure: narrower/small lumen
function: maintain pressure
* structure: elastic tissue
function: stretch & recoil w each surge of blood as heart beats.
capillaries
* structure: permeable walls, 1 cell thick
function: substances can diffuse in&out at an increased rate bc distance over which diffusion happens is reduced.
* structure: narrow/small lumen
function thin walls & small lumen bring blood into close contact w/ body tissues.
Vein
* structure: Thin walls
function: No need for thick as blood presssure lost
* structure: LARGE lumen
function: one-way valves inside. help blood flow despite low pressure.
* structure: valves
function: blood flowing in the right direction, despite lower pressure. prevents backflow of blood
Main blood vessels going to & from the Heart
Going to:
* Vena cava (deoxygenated blood from body to heart)
Going From:
* Pulmonary artery (deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs.)
Going to:
* Pulmonary vein (oxygenated blood from lungs to heart)
Going from:
* Aorta (oxygenated blood from heart to body.)
