enzymes Flashcards
define catalyst
- substance that increases rate of a chemical reaction
- and isn’t changed by the reaction
define enzymes
- proteins involved in all metabolic reactions
- where they function as biological catalysts
Describe why enzymes are important in all living
organisms
Speed up biochemical reactions
- High reaction rate necessary to sustain life
Explain enzyme-action
Shape of an active site of an enzyme is complementary to its substrate.
* Each enzyme is only able to act on a specific substrate (Enzyme specificity)
When the substrate is in the active site & bound to t he enzyme, the enzyme makes the substrate change into a product.
* Enzyme-substrate complex occurs.
* Product then breaks away from enzymes. Enzymes ready to bind w another substrate.
Factors affecting enzymes
Explain the effect.
Temperature
* higher temp increases rate of reaction, only up to an optimum temp when enzyme is most active.
* as temp increases, enzymes have more kinetic energy, so collide w each other more & faster, there’s high frequency of effective collisions.
after optimum temp, rate of reaction decreases.
* higher temp denatures active site of enzyme; no longer complementary to substrate.
* enzyme substrate complex unable to take place.
pH
* each enzyme works at optimum pH
* pH above/below causes enzyme active site to denature; enzyme-substrate complex no longer being able to take place
state the enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of:
1. carbohydrates
2. proteins
3. lipids
4. starch
5. maltose
6. sucrose
7. hydrogen peroxide
- carbohydrases
- proteases
- lipases
- amylase = to maltose
- maltase = to glucose
- sucrases
- catalase = water + oxygen