Transport In Animals Flashcards
What is a double circulatory system
The heart is made up of two pumps situated side-by-side;
* the right side pumps blood to the lungs which returns to the left side of the heart.
* The left side blood pumps to the rest of the body which returns to the right side of the heart.
Where is the heart situated
The heart is situated in the middle of the thorax in a hollow space between the lungs, called the mediastinum 
The heartbeat
The sound of the heartbeat is made by the blood hitting the heart valves. The 2 sounds of a heartbeat are described as lub dup.
* The lub is caused by the closing of the AV valves. It is a louder and longer sound than the dup sound.
* The dup is caused by the closing of the semilunar valves. It is a short, sharp sound
the basic rhythm Of these sounds is; lub dup, pause, lub dup, pause
What is the cardiac cycle
The event is taking place during one complete heartbeat;
when the cardiac muscles contract, pressure within the heart increases and blood is forced out. This is called systole.
When the cardiac muscle relaxes, pressure within the heart decreases. This allows blood to flow into the atria and ventricles. This event is called diastole.
What makes the heart beat
The heart muscle is myogenic, i.e. it’s contractions arise from within the muscle tissue itself. Heart muscle will continue beating for awhile even after the heart has been cut right out of the body.
Pulse
The pulse is the regular expansion and contraction of the artery, caused by the hard pumping blood through the body.
What are the three types of blood vessels in the body
Arteries that take blood away from the heart.
Veins that carry blood towards the heart.
Capillaries that connect the arterial and venous systems
What is blood pressure
The force exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels
What is lymph
Lymph is a body fluid containing white blood cells, chiefly lymphocytes, that is drained from tissue spaces by the vessels of the lymphatic system
What are the two main types of lymphocytes
B-lymphocyte cells (anti-body cells), which produce antibodies that enter the blood to fight invading germs.
T lymphocytes, perform many roles in the immune system
Pulmonary circulation
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Systemic circulation
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Internal structure of heart
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