Supporting Sytems

Question 1

Types of skeletons

Answer 1

A hydrostatic skeletons – consist of fluid filled, close chambers with an organism.
B exoskeletons - around the body of an organism.
C Endoskeletons – occur within the body of an organism.

Question 2

How are bones classified?

Answer 2

A. compact bone in the limbs and other parts of the skeleton give strength and support to the body.
B. spongy bone helps a skeleton to resist stress and to manufacture red and white blood cells

Question 3

Osteocytes

Answer 3

Osteocytes are inactive mature bone cells. If more bone is needed they are stimulated and form osteoblasts which lay down new bone tissue. If bone tissue needs to be broken down osteoclasts are formed in the lacunae to do this

Question 4

Learn how the skeleton is made up plus labels

Answer 4

Pg 46

Question 5

Human skull

Answer 5

Pg 47

Question 6

What are fontanelles

Answer 6

At birth, membrane filled spaces called fontanelles, exist between the bones of the cranium.

Question 7

Learn vetebral column

Answer 7

Pg 51

Question 8

Bony thorax

Answer 8

Pg 54

Question 9

Pectorial girdle and upper limb

Answer 9

Pg 56

Question 10

Pelvic girdle and lower limb

Answer 10

Pg 57

Question 11

Structure of synovial joint

Answer 11

Pg 64

Question 12

Classification of joints

Answer 12

Fibrous joints (are immovable).
Cartilaginous joints (partially movable).
Synovial joints (freely movable)

Question 13

How are synovial joints classified

Answer 13

1. Ball and socket joint contains a bony ball that fits inside a cup shaped socket (found in the hip joint between the pelvic girdle and the femur, and in the shoulder joint between the pectorial girdle and the humerus.)
2. Hinge joint allows the bones to move up and down but not from side to side (knee ankle and elbow joints).
3. Pivot joint allows a bone to rotate (Atlas and axis vertebrae)
4. Plane joint - a flat bone glides or slips over another flat bone (carpal bones in the wrist and tarsal bones in the ankle)