Excretory System Flashcards
What makes up nitrogenous waste
Urea- from excess amino acids
Uric acid- from nucleic acids
Creatinine- found in skeletal muscle formed from from creatine phosphate
What is deamintaion?
The process of breaking down amino acids to ammonia and then into urea
What makes up non-nitrogenous waste?
Toxins and drugs
Alcohol
Other excretory products formed in the liver?
Bile pigments (from the breakdown of red blood cells)
Cholesterol (formed from the breakdown of bile salts)
The excretory organs are….?
Kidneys (excrete all of nitrogenous waste)
Lungs (excrete carbon dioxide)
Skin (sweat -water salts and small amount of urea)
Gut/Colon (faeces)
Learn structure of urinary system
In book (pg 115)
What do the kidneys look like externally
Bean shaped dark red
3 layers of supportive tissue:
Renal capsule
Adipose tissue
Renal fascia
Learn renal tubule diagram
Pg 119
How does a kidney function?
A, Glomeruler filtration (the fluid part of the blood filtered from the glomerulus into the cavity of Bowman’s capsule
B. Tubular reabsorption (as the fluid flows along the renal tubule, useful substances are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream in the amounts required by the body)
C. Tubular excretion (Certain unwanted substances in the blood are actively excreted into the tubules
Afferent and efferents arterioles
Afferent= carry towards
efferent = carry away from
Glomeruler filtration
Glomerular filtration is a passive (not needing energy), non-selective process in which fluids and solids are forced through the glomerular membrane by hydrostatic pressure
What is the role of the loop of Henle?
To create a high concentration of salt in the medulla area which is necessary for the osmotic withdrawal of water from the distal tubules and the collecting ducts
What is a buffer
A chemical substance that prevents too great a change in pH by binding with hydrogen when the pH drops and releasing hydrogen when the pH rises
What is osmosis?
Water moves from a high water potential to a lower water potential through differentially permeable membrane in a process called osmosis.
What is and what is the role of ADH?
ADH (antiduretic hormone) ‘s role is to help in fine-tuning Osmoregulation by increasing the amount of water being reabsorbed back into the blood
