transport and defense in animals Flashcards
the need for a transport system in large multi cellular organisms
Large animals have a large volume in relation to their surface area. Substances would therefore take a long time to diffuse from the air into the body and would get to cells deep in the body at a slower rare than they are needed
The transportation of dissolved food
Dissolve food is transported from the ileum where it is absorbed two cells of the body to be used for respiration, stored, converted to other materials.
Nitrogenous waste to be transported
Transported from cells were produced, transported to the kidneys to be excreted
Oxygen to be transported
Transported from the lungs where it diffuses into the body then transported to body cells to be used for respiration.
Carbon dioxide to be transported
Transported from body cells where it is produced in respiration to your lungs where it is excreted
Hormones to be transported
Transported from the endocrine glands where they are produced to Organs where their effects are needed.
White blood cells including antibodies to be transported
Transported from bone marrow where they are produced to where there are infections or invasions by microorganisms.
Transport system
This is also known as your circulatory system.
What is the circulatory system made up of?
The circulatory system is made up of:
The heart, which is a pump
The blood, which is the fluid being pumped and contains all the materials to be transported around the body
The blood vessels through which blood flows to get to and from the cells, these are the arteries, veins and capillaries
What is the rule of the atrium?
The Atrium receives blood
What is the rule of The ventricle
The ventricle pumps blood away
Tricuspid valve
From the right atrium blood passes through the tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
Oxygen rich blood returns from the lungs via the pulmonary veins and follows into the left atrium and passes through the bicuspid valve
Atrioventricular valves
The bicuspid and tricuspid valve, also known as the atrioventricular valves, and show us that blood flows in One Direction Through the Heart only
Semi-lunar valves
Semi-lunar valves are found at the start of the pulmonary artery and aorta. They prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricles when they relax
Systole
The lub sound is made during ventricular systole and the blood is forced against the clothes tricuspid and bicuspid valves
Diastole
The dub sound is made during ventricular diastole when blood impacts on the clues semilunar valve in the aorta and pulmonary artery
What is the rate of the heart controlled by
It is controlled by The Peacemaker, which is found in the muscles between the ventricles
What are the three main blood vessels?
Artery
Capillary
Veen
Arterioles
An arteriole branches into smaller and smaller vessels called arterioles. These Branch into smaller and smaller vessels until the vessels are very small and the walls are only one cell thick. These vessels are called capillaries
Capillaries
Capillary flow in between the cells of all guns and the exchange of substances food, oxygen, water, ECT takes place at this level
Venules
Capillaries join together to form larger and larger vessels called venules, which then join to form veins which carry blood back to the heart
Information on arteries
Thick elastic walls which withstand the high pressure of blood and absorb some of the energy of the pulse
Carry blood away from the heart
High pressure
Blood flows rapidly in pulse is created by contractions of the ventricles
Lie deep within the body
No valves present
Additional information on capillaries
Walls are one cell across then enough for diffusion to take place easily
Carry blood to cell from the tissues and organs
Blood pressure decreases along the length of the capillaries
Blood flow is smooth and slow
As it flows through a capillary Network the blood loses oxygen two blood cells on Gaines carbon dioxide
Run through the tissues
Contain no valves
