bio 5 Flashcards
biochemical cycle
the cycle by which esential atoms are released and reused by nature.
carbon cycle
how carbon dioxide is passed from one organism to another as they live and die.
biological control
the use of living organisms to control the population of specific organisms.
biochem oxygen demand
aerobic bacteria multiply in water quickly and need water.
eutrophication
the process by which nutrients are added to water systems leading to the death of the organisms
cell wall
prevents the bursting of the plant cell and gives it shape
cell membrane
a selectively permeable membrane which controls the exchange between the cell and its environment
cytoplasm
a site of chemical reaction of life
nucleus
controls cell activity
chromosomes
contain genetic info in the form of DNA
mitocondrion
sight of energy prodoction
permanent vacoule
important for exchange
chloriplast
the area where photosynthesis takes place
microbes
tiny microscopic organisms that cannot be seen by the naked eye
tissue
a structure made up of many simular or identical cells which perform one specific function
diffusion
the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
osmosis
a process by which molecules move through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
passive transport
movement across the cell membrane not requiring energy.
active transport
the movement of ions or moecules across a cell membrane into a reigon of higher concentration assisted by enzymes or requiring enzymes
net flow
an equilibrium in which their is no net movement
turgid
hard
flaccid
drooping or loose
hypotonic
dilute
hypertonic
concentrated
autotroph
self feeder(plants)
hetherotroph
feeds on other organisms
saprophyte
feed on dead organic material
equation of photosynthesis
carbon dioxide+water light/chlorophyll =glucose+oxygen.
two stages on photosynthesis
light dependant
light independant
adaptions for photosynthesis
- leaves grow broader and thinner to absorb as much light as possible
- leaves are spread around to catch as much light as possible.
- chloroplasts are most numerous in the top part of the leaf closest to the sunlight
- a waxy cuticle prevents water loss from surfaces
guard cells
- specialized epidermal cells that controll the opening and closing of the stoma
- this is done by change in turgidly.
photosynthesis
co2 diffuses into the cells , as co2 is used up in photosynthesis the concentration drops thus a greater concentration outside the cells causes it to defuse into them. water travels into the roots by osmosis then travels up the xylem vessels and into the leaf water moves by osmosis from cell to cell to the palasaide cells. chlorophyll trap the uv rays to be used in photosynthesis, The light splits the water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen and combine the carbon dioxide with the hydrogen to create glucose and a waste product water.
is oxygen needed by plants
oxygen is needed in small quantity’s for respiration
list the limiting factors of photosynthesis
availability of water
carbon dioxide concentration
temperature
light intensity
how does temperature affect photosynthesis
the rate of reaction increases as temperature. with heat the molecules move around and come together faster. coldness limit the rate of photosynthesis because enzymes involved are not working at optimal temperatures
how does carbon dioxide concentration affect photosynthesis
low concentrations of co2 slow the rate of photosynthesis.
how does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis
light intensity varys throughout the day becoming a limiting factor
how does water affect photosynthesis
dry soil limits the amount of hydrogen and oxygen available to plants to make food.
etiolation
a process in which plants are grown in partial or no light
- leaves are kept small and stored energy is used to elongate the stem in hopes of recieving sunlight
- stems and leaves become pale and yellow
