Transport and Circulation in Animals Flashcards
the movement of food, water, and oxygen to different parts of the
body. It consists of a circulatory system and excretory system.
Transportation in animals
Blood is pumped through two (2)
types of blood vessels, namely
_________ and ________.
arteries and veins
carry oxygenated blood
from the heart
arteries
carry carbon dioxide infused
blood (deoxygenated)
veins
Deoxygenated
blood pumps from _____ to ____.
right to left
two (2) types of circulation
Single Circulation
Double Circulation
blood passes
through the heart once.
Single Circulation
blood passes
through the heart twice
Double Circulation
pump blood into a hemocel with the blood diffusing back to the
circulatory systems
Open Circulatory System
blood is pumped through
the vessel and does not fill in body
cavities
Closed Circulatory System
an example of a mammalian heart that is a hollow muscular organ about the size of a clenched fist and shaped like an inverted cone
human heart
Where does the heart lies?
thoracic cavity protected by the sternum
The heart wall consists of _______, which is a specialized muscle unique to the heart.
cardiac muscle
consist of interlaced criss-cross muscle fibers which play an important role in the cardiac cycle
cardiac muscle
two-layered membranous sac that surrounds the heart
pericardium
prevents the heart from being overstretched due to overfill of blood
non-elastic nature of the pericardium
four chambers of the heart
left atrium
right atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle
supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscles through the many capillaries
coronary arteries/artery
collect deoxygenated blood to be drained into the right atrium
coronary veins
controls the direction of blood flow in the heart
valve
a very thin but fibrous tissue that prevents valve from inverting into the atria
chordae tendineae
prevent backflow of blood in the right side
tricuspid valve
prevent backflow of blood in the left side
bicuspid/mitral valve
prevent backflow of blood in the pulmonary artery and aorta
semilunar valve
each cycle of contraction and relaxation of the heart
one beat of the heart
contraction action of the heart muscle
systole
pause (relaxation)
diastole
responsible for the initiation of the heartbeat and the control of its rate (the pacemaker)
sinoatrial node (SAN)
function is controlled by a stimuli in cardiac muscle
myogenic
divides the heart into two (2) sides
septum
three types of blood vessel
arteries
veins
capillaries
Tiny tubes that carry blood from the arteries to the
body’s cells, and then back to the veins.
capillaries
sound of tricuspid and mitral valves closing
lub
sound of pulmonary and aortic valves closing
dub
composition of blood
plasma
white blood cell (WBC)
red blood cell (RBC)
platelets
two patterns of circulation
pulmonary circuit
systemic circuit
normal heart rate in humans
70 bpm, each beat lasting 0.85 seconds
stimulates and controls the contraction of the cardiac muscle
Nodal Tissues
fights disease or foreign invaders
white blood cells
aids in blood clotting and the repair of damaged blood vessels
platelets
factors affecting heart rate
change in pH
temperature
Body size
Gender
Age
Physical activity
Stress
State of health
Medication and drugs
Environmental factors
Smoking and alcohol
detects the drop in blood pH
chemoreceptors
present in tea and coffee and can affect heart rate
caffeine
normal pH of the blood
7.4
excessive salt in the diet that can cause hypertension
arteriosclerosis
caused by deposition of fats or cholesterol on the walls of arteries causing the artery to become narrow and the wall to harden; thereby losing its elasticity
arteriosclerosis
happens when a region of heart muscle may not get enough oxygen when the oxygen demand of the heart muscle increases for example during physical activity
angina (angina pectoris)
usually occurs as a results of a blood clot forming in a coronary artery and cutting of blood supply
myocardial infarction
