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GENERAL BIOLOGY 2 > Transport and Circulation in Animals > Flashcards

Transport and Circulation in Animals Flashcards

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1
Q

the movement of food, water, and oxygen to different parts of the
body. It consists of a circulatory system and excretory system.

A

Transportation in animals

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2
Q

Blood is pumped through two (2)
types of blood vessels, namely
_________ and ________.

A

arteries and veins

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3
Q

carry oxygenated blood
from the heart

A

arteries

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4
Q

carry carbon dioxide infused
blood (deoxygenated)

A

veins

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5
Q

Deoxygenated
blood pumps from _____ to ____.

A

right to left

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6
Q

two (2) types of circulation

A

Single Circulation
Double Circulation

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7
Q

blood passes
through the heart once.

A

Single Circulation

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8
Q

blood passes
through the heart twice

A

Double Circulation

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9
Q

pump blood into a hemocel with the blood diffusing back to the
circulatory systems

A

Open Circulatory System

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10
Q

blood is pumped through
the vessel and does not fill in body
cavities

A

Closed Circulatory System

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11
Q

an example of a mammalian heart that is a hollow muscular organ about the size of a clenched fist and shaped like an inverted cone

A

human heart

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12
Q

Where does the heart lies?

A

thoracic cavity protected by the sternum

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13
Q

The heart wall consists of _______, which is a specialized muscle unique to the heart.

A

cardiac muscle

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14
Q

consist of interlaced criss-cross muscle fibers which play an important role in the cardiac cycle

A

cardiac muscle

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15
Q

two-layered membranous sac that surrounds the heart

A

pericardium

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16
Q

prevents the heart from being overstretched due to overfill of blood

A

non-elastic nature of the pericardium

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17
Q

four chambers of the heart

A

left atrium
right atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle

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18
Q

supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscles through the many capillaries

A

coronary arteries/artery

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19
Q

collect deoxygenated blood to be drained into the right atrium

A

coronary veins

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20
Q

controls the direction of blood flow in the heart

A

valve

21
Q

a very thin but fibrous tissue that prevents valve from inverting into the atria

A

chordae tendineae

22
Q

prevent backflow of blood in the right side

A

tricuspid valve

23
Q

prevent backflow of blood in the left side

A

bicuspid/mitral valve

24
Q

prevent backflow of blood in the pulmonary artery and aorta

A

semilunar valve

25
Q

each cycle of contraction and relaxation of the heart

A

one beat of the heart

26
Q

contraction action of the heart muscle

A

systole

27
Q

pause (relaxation)

A

diastole

28
Q

responsible for the initiation of the heartbeat and the control of its rate (the pacemaker)

A

sinoatrial node (SAN)

29
Q

function is controlled by a stimuli in cardiac muscle

A

myogenic

30
Q

divides the heart into two (2) sides

A

septum

31
Q

three types of blood vessel

A

arteries
veins
capillaries

32
Q

Tiny tubes that carry blood from the arteries to the
body’s cells, and then back to the veins.

A

capillaries

33
Q

sound of tricuspid and mitral valves closing

A

lub

34
Q

sound of pulmonary and aortic valves closing

A

dub

35
Q

composition of blood

A

plasma
white blood cell (WBC)
red blood cell (RBC)
platelets

36
Q

two patterns of circulation

A

pulmonary circuit
systemic circuit

37
Q

normal heart rate in humans

A

70 bpm, each beat lasting 0.85 seconds

38
Q

stimulates and controls the contraction of the cardiac muscle

A

Nodal Tissues

39
Q

fights disease or foreign invaders

A

white blood cells

40
Q

aids in blood clotting and the repair of damaged blood vessels

A

platelets

40
Q

factors affecting heart rate

A

change in pH
temperature
Body size
Gender
Age
Physical activity
Stress
State of health
Medication and drugs
Environmental factors
Smoking and alcohol

41
Q

detects the drop in blood pH

A

chemoreceptors

42
Q

present in tea and coffee and can affect heart rate

A

caffeine

43
Q

normal pH of the blood

A

7.4

44
Q

excessive salt in the diet that can cause hypertension

A

arteriosclerosis

45
Q

caused by deposition of fats or cholesterol on the walls of arteries causing the artery to become narrow and the wall to harden; thereby losing its elasticity

A

arteriosclerosis

46
Q

happens when a region of heart muscle may not get enough oxygen when the oxygen demand of the heart muscle increases for example during physical activity

A

angina (angina pectoris)

47
Q

usually occurs as a results of a blood clot forming in a coronary artery and cutting of blood supply

A

myocardial infarction

GENERAL BIOLOGY 2 (5 decks)

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